Mean Flow and Turbulence in a Laboratory Channel with Simulated Vegatation (HES 51)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station (Contract DACW39-94-K-0010)unpublishednot peer reviewe

Getting Narrower at the Base: The American Curriculum After NCLB

Examines curriculum changes in elementary, middle, and high schools since No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was enacted, requiring regular testing in reading and math. Analyzes shifts in time allocations to four subjects, contributing factors, and implications

Asian Soybean Rust: Incidence, Severity, and Morphological Characterization of Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Uredinia and Telia) in Argentina

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most destructive disease of soybean (Glycine max) in many areas of the world. ASR was first detected in Argentina during 2002 in a limited area in the northern region of the country (2). During the 2004 growing season, P. pachyrhizi spread rapidly throughout most soybean growing areas of northwestern and northeastern Argentina. ASR was also was found in some fields in Entre Ríos and Santa Fe provinces. In all areas, symptoms were expressed late in the 2004 season (growth stages R5.5 to R7) and yield losses were minimal. The objectives of this study were to quantify P. pachyrhizi infection in the canopy and morphologically characterize the fungus from fields where it had been previously detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (3). Incidence (percentage of plants affected) and severity (percentage of leaf area affected, including chlorosis) were visually estimated for 10 plants arbitrarily collected (April 2004) from each of three fields located in Charata (Chacabuco), Chaco Province (Sample 1, collected in the R6 stage), La Paloma (Moreno), Santiago del Estero Province (Sample 2, stage R6 to R7), and Tolloche (Anta), Salta Province (Sample 3, stage R5.5). Disease assessments were made for the lower, middle, and upper canopy from 15 leaves per plant. The number of pustules per cm2 and uredinia per lesion were recorded from the undersides of central leaflets for each trifoliolate observed. Tissue sections were made to observe fructifications of P. pachyrhizi. Incidence of affected plants was 100% in all fields. Disease severity for Sample 1 was 45% (range 30 to 60%), 20% (10 to 30%), and 10% (5 to 20%) for the lower, middle, and upper canopy, respectively; for Sample 2: 60% (30 to 80%), 40% (25 to 50%), and 25% (15 to 40%) for the lower, middle, and upper canopy, respectively; and for Sample 3: 25% (10 to 50%), 15% (10 to 20%), and 10% (5 to 15%) for the lower, middle, and upper canopy, respectively. The number of pustules per cm2 for Sample 1 was 156/cm2 (range 88 to 200); Sample 2: 172/cm2 (128 to 232); and Sample 3: 120/cm2 (72 to 232). The number of uredinia per lesion for Sample 1 was 6 per lesion (range 1 to 15); Sample 2: 5.5 per lesion (1 to 13), and Sample 3: 2.8 per lesion (1 to 5). The two spore types that were commonly observed were urediniospores and teliospores. Telia were found on infected leaves mixed with uredinia in every sample. Urediniospores measured 16 to 22 μm (mean 18.5 μm) × 25 to 30 μm (mean 27 μm). Teliospores measured 8 to 11 μm (mean 9 μm) × 19 to 27 μm (mean 23.8 μm). Spores sizes are in the range described by Ono et al. (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of epidemiological and morphological characterization of ASR in Argentina and the first report of the telial stage of P. pachyrhizi on soybean in South America.Fil: Carmona, Marcelo Anibal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Gally, Marcela Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Silvia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentin

Analysis of a long-duration AR throughout five solar rotations: Magnetic properties and ejective events

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are among the most magnificent solar eruptions, are a major driver of space weather and can thus affect diverse human technologies. Different processes have been proposed to explain the initiation and release of CMEs from solar active regions (ARs), without reaching consensus on which is the predominant scenario, and thus rendering impossible to accurately predict when a CME is going to erupt from a given AR. To investigate AR magnetic properties that favor CMEs production, we employ multi-spacecraft data to analyze a long duration AR (NOAA 11089, 11100, 11106, 11112 and 11121) throughout its complete lifetime, spanning five Carrington rotations from July to November 2010. We use data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory to study the evolution of the AR magnetic properties during the five near-side passages, and a proxy to follow the magnetic flux changes when no magnetograms are available, i.e. during far-side transits. The ejectivity is studied by characterizing the angular widths, speeds and masses of 108 CMEs that we associated to the AR, when examining a 124-day period. Such an ejectivity tracking was possible thanks to the multi-viewpoint images provided by the Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory in a quasi-quadrature configuration. We also inspected the X-ray flares registered by the GOES satellite and found 162 to be associated to the AR under study. Given the substantial number of ejections studied, we use a statistical approach instead of a single-event analysis. We found three well defined periods of very high CMEs activity and two periods with no mass ejections that are preceded or accompanied by characteristic changes in the AR magnetic flux, free magnetic energy and/or presence of electric currents. Our large sample of CMEs and long term study of a single AR, provide further evidence relating AR magnetic activity to CME and Flare production.Fil: Iglesias, Francisco Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Cremades Fernandez, Maria Hebe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Merenda, Luciano A.. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Mandrini, Cristina Hemilse. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Ugarte Urra, Ignacio. Spece Sciences División. Naval Research Laboratory; Estados Unido

Relieving the Wireless Infrastructure: When Opportunistic Networks Meet Guaranteed Delays

Major wireless operators are nowadays facing network capacity issues in striving to meet the growing demands of mobile users. At the same time, 3G-enabled devices increasingly benefit from ad hoc radio connectivity (e.g., Wi-Fi). In this context of hybrid connectivity, we propose Push-and-track, a content dissemination framework that harnesses ad hoc communication opportunities to minimize the load on the wireless infrastructure while guaranteeing tight delivery delays. It achieves this through a control loop that collects user-sent acknowledgements to determine if new copies need to be reinjected into the network through the 3G interface. Push-and-Track includes multiple strategies to determine how many copies of the content should be injected, when, and to whom. The short delay-tolerance of common content, such as news or road traffic updates, make them suitable for such a system. Based on a realistic large-scale vehicular dataset from the city of Bologna composed of more than 10,000 vehicles, we demonstrate that Push-and-Track consistently meets its delivery objectives while reducing the use of the 3G network by over 90%.Comment: Accepted at IEEE WoWMoM 2011 conferenc

HeteroGenius: A Framework for Hybrid Analysis of Heterogeneous Software Specifications

Nowadays, software artifacts are ubiquitous in our lives being an essential part of home appliances, cars, cell phones, and even in more critical activities like aeronautics and health sciences. In this context software failures may produce enormous losses, either economical or, in the worst case, in human lives. Software analysis is an area in software engineering concerned with the application of diverse techniques in order to prove the absence of errors in software pieces. In many cases different analysis techniques are applied by following specific methodological combinations that ensure better results. These interactions between tools are usually carried out at the user level and it is not supported by the tools. In this work we present HeteroGenius, a framework conceived to develop tools that allow users to perform hybrid analysis of heterogeneous software specifications. HeteroGenius was designed prioritising the possibility of adding new specification languages and analysis tools and enabling a synergic relation of the techniques under a graphical interface satisfying several well-known usability enhancement criteria. As a case-study we implemented the functionality of Dynamite on top of HeteroGenius.Comment: In Proceedings LAFM 2013, arXiv:1401.056

MOSAIX: a tool to built large mosaics from GALEX images

Large sky surveys are providing a huge amount of information for studies of the interstellar medium, the galactic structure or the cosmic web. Setting into a common frame information coming from different wavelengths, over large fields of view, is needed for this kind of research. GALEX is the only nearly all-sky survey at ultraviolet wavelengths and contains fundamental information for all types of studies. GALEX field of view is circular embedded in a squared matrix of 3840 x 3840 pixels. This fact makes it hard to get GALEX images properly overlapped with the existing astronomical tools such as Aladin or Montage. We developed our own software for this purpose. In this article, we describe this software and makes it available to the community.Comment: 7 pages, including 8 figures, accepted by Astrophysics and Space Scienc