Analisi Multicriteriale applicata alla vulnerabilità socio-spaziale delle vittime della violenza del traffico a Belo Horizonte, Brasile: un'investigazione per mezzo del trauma maxillo-facciale

Gli incidenti stradali, come problemi di salute pubblica, sono una delle principali cause di morte in Brasile. Il lavoro analizza la distribuzione spaziale di casi di incidente (con lesioni maxillo-facciali) associandoli con le caratteristiche di vulnerabilità del luogo di residenza delle vittime. Gli indirizzi delle vittime sono stati sottoposti a georeferenziazione e geo-codificazione. Sono state identificate le condizioni socio-spaziali delle vittime ed utilizzate per l'analisi “multicriteria” attraverso la combinazione di variabili e la composizione di distribuzione spaziale del grado di vulnerabilità socio-spaziale. Le tendenze spaziali dei casi sono state analizzate con mappe del Kernel e funzione K di Ripley. I casi sono distribuiti nello spazio in forma aggregata, con maggiori densità in aree con grandi disparità socio-economiche. Si presenta come referenza metodologica per l'analisi delle correlazioni tra le variabili, la verifica del grado della spazializzazione dei fenomeni, e la composizione dell'indice spaziale per sostenere i progetti urbani che devono contemplare le condizioni di accessibilità, la violenza e le necessità socio-spaziali.

Maxillofacial Injuries as Markers of Interpersonal Violence in Belo Horizonte-Brazil: Analysis of the Socio-Spatial Vulnerability of the Location of Victim’s Residences

<div><p>The aim of the present study was to analyze the spatial pattern of cases of maxillofacial injuries caused by interpersonal violence, based on the location of the victim’s residence, and to investigate the existence of conditions of socio-spatial vulnerability in these areas. This is a cross-sectional study, using the data of victims attended in three emergency hospitals in Belo Horizonte-Brazil between January 2008 and December 2010. Based on the process of spatial signature, the socio-spatial condition of the victims was identified according to data from census tracts. The spatial distribution trends of the addresses of victims were analyzed using Kernel maps and Ripley’s K function. Multicriteria analysis was used to analyze the territorial insertion of victims, using a combination of variables to obtain the degree of socio-spatial vulnerability. The residences of the victims were distributed in an aggregated manner in urban areas, with a confidence level of 99%. The highest densities were found in areas of unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and, to a lesser extent, areas with worse residential and neighborhood infrastructure. Spatial clusters of households formed in slums with a significant level of socio-spatial vulnerability. Explanations of the living conditions in segregated urban areas and analysis of the concentration of more vulnerable populations should be a priority in the development of public health and safety policies.</p></div

K function of victims of maxillofacial injuries caused by interpersonal violence according to the location of their residence.

<p>Belo Horizonte-Brazil, January 2008 to December 2010.</p

Synthesis maps of socioeconomic conditions, the infrastructure of the residences and the infrastructure of the neighborhoods and the final synthesis of victims of interpersonal violence, weighted for conditions of socio-spatial vulnerability in the location of the residence.

<p>Belo Horizonte, January 2008 to December 2010.</p

Decision tree in the assessment of the synthesis of socio-spatial vulnerability of victims of maxillofacial injuries caused by interpersonal violence, according to the location of their residence.

<p>Belo Horizonte, January 2008 to December 2010.</p

Distribution of cases of maxillofacial injuries caused by interpersonal violence according to the victim’s residence.

<p>Belo Horizonte- Brazil, January 2008 to December 2010.</p