Análise temporal da permeabilidade da superfície urbana da sub-bacia do córrego centenário em Lavras, MG Temporal analysis of permeability urban surfaces locaty of the Centenário sub-basin creek in Lavras, MG

Nos últimos anos, séries de estudos têm sido realizadas por estudiosos de diferentes áreas para estabelecer os efeitos da urbanização na hidrologia de sub-bacias. O processo de urbanização freqüentemente produz alterações na drenagem da água pluvial. Um SIG com dados cadastrais planaltimétricos e fotografias aéreas permitiram estudar a ocupação em 3 diferentes períodos (1999, 1986 e 1971) na sub-bacia do Centenário, na cidade de Lavras, MG. Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar a análise temporal da permeabilidade da superfície na sub-bacia do Centenário comparando os 3 períodos. A permeabilidade da superfície urbana foi obtida pela análise da ocupação dos quarteirões por área construída ou pavimentada. Os resultados permitiram verificar que a permeabilidade da superfície decaiu de 1971 para 1999. Nestes anos a área urbana cresceu reduzindo a permeabilidade do solo da sub-bacia. Conclui-se que, sendo óbvio que a urbanização causou impactos na sub-bacia, as metodologias utilizadas para essas análises foram muito eficientes para determinar os impactos de superfícies impermeáveis.Over the past years, a series of studies have been undertaken by scientists of different areas, to assess the effects of urbanization on the hidrology of subbasins. The urbanization process has frequently been done alterations on the drainage of pluvial water. A GIS data base containing the cadastral planiltimetric charts and aerial photographies allowed to study the land occupation in three different periods (1999, 1986 and 1971) of the Centenário Subbasin in Lavras city, MG. So, the subject of this study was to realize a temporal analysis of the surface permeability of the Centenário subbasin comparing the three periods. The urban surface permeability was avaibled by the analysis of the city's squares occupation per builted or paved area. The results permitted verify that the surface permeability downed from 1971 to 1999 years. In these years the urban area growed up avoiding the soil subbasin permeability. The conclusion that urbanization caused impacts on the subbasin was obvious, however the methodologies employed for the analysis in this work were too much efficient to determine the impacts of impervious surfaces

Correlações entre a permeabilidade e os atributos físicos do solo da sub-bacia do córrego centenário da cidade de Lavras-MG Correlations between the permeability and the physical attributes of the soil of the sub-basin of the centenário stream of the Lavras city-MG

A permeabilidade do solo é um atributo físico de grande importância para a engenharia, sendo necessária a sua determinação nos trabalhos em que se tem movimento d´água no solo. Vários são os atributos físicos do solo que influenciam nos valores do seu coeficiente de permeabilidade, sendo considerados de maior importância a densidade e a porosidade. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar as correlações existentes entre os atributos físicos do solo com a permeabilidade. Esses solos foram obtidos da sub-bacia do córrego Centenário, localizada na área urbana da cidade de Lavras, sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Para a coleta desses solos, utilizou-se de um amostrador projetado especialmente para esta pesquisa, que apresentou uma boa eficiência na representatividade dos solos retirados. O atributo físico do solo que melhor se correlacionou com a permeabilidade foi a macroporosidade, verificando-se ainda boa correlação para a microporosidade, resistência à penetração e a densidade.The permeability of the soil is a physical attribute of great importance for engineering, being necessary its determination in the works where it has water movement in the soil. Several are the physical attributes of the soil that have influence in the values of the coefficient of permeability, being considered the most important ones the density and the porosity. This paper aimed at verifing the existing correlation between different physical attributes of the soil with the permeability. These soils were removed of the sub-basin of the stream Centenário, located in the urban area of the Lavras city (Minas Gerais state, Brazil). For collecting those soils were used a sampler projected especially for this research, wich presented a good efficiency in the representation of removed soil, and comparing the results of the tests in laboratory with the field tests. The attribute of the soil that better correlated with the permeability was the macroporosity, verifying yet its good correlation concerning to the microporosity, resistance to the penetration and soil density

Degradation of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Films Using Crystal Violet

<div><p>The present study aimed to investigate the degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the presence of cationic dye crystal violet irradiated under visible light. The preparation of the samples was done in the form of films obtained by casting. Degradation tests were carried out by 120 hours at room temperature. The degradation kinetics of the dye and polymer were accompanied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and viscosimetry technique. The UV-Vis Spectra showed 81.2% degradation of the dye. In addition, it was observed a broadening of the absorption band of the polymer and the reduction of its viscosity, which features degradation. In this way, it is possible to affirm that the crystal violet dye, at the studied concentration, contributed to the degradation process of PEO.</p></div

Gallium-Containing Hydroxyapatite as a Promising Material for Photocatalytic Performance

The development of photocatalystsor their modification to obtain new photocatalytic performances for the removal of contaminants is a challenge. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), is an inorganic component with a high superficial area and low toxicity and the presence of metal in its structure can be an interesting strategy for the photocatalytic approach. This work aimed to synthesize gallium-containing HAp (Ga-HAp) as a promising material for photocatalytic performance. The synthesis was performed by the suspension–precipitation method. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological analysis employed field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the elemental analysis by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). To evaluate the photocatalytic activity, methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a pollutant model under UV light for 120 min. The influence of Ga-HAp concentration (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g·L−1) and kinetic reaction was also studied. The Ga-HAp was successfully obtained by the suspension–precipitation method. The structural characterization by XRD and FESEM-EDS elucidated the presence of gallium in the structure of hydroxyapatite. The XPS results indicated the substitution of gallium in the crystal lattice of the material. The discoloration rate of MB dye using Ga-Hap was calculated by pseudo first-order kinetics, and the best rate constant was 7.5 × 10−3 min−1 using 1.00 g·L−1 of photocatalyst. The concentration of Ga-HAp influenced the photocatalytic process, because the discoloration rate increased as a function of the concentration of material. Therefore, Ga-HAp is a promising material for environmental remediation