Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Voices of Power: Co-operation and Conflict in English Language and Literatures

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

'A Rustle of Winds Blowing Across Two Continents': August Wilson’s Magic Realism as Expression of Empowerment

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effects of non-pharmacological sympathetic sudomotor denervation on sweating in humans with essential palmar hyperhidrosis

Objectives: Quantitative sweat production and -ionic composition in Essential Hyperhidrosis (EH), and the effects of T2-T3 thoracoscopic sympathicolysis (TS) hereon, are unknown. Standardised pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat tests were performed before and after TS in order to study these issues. Design and Methods: Pilocarpine iontophoretic sweat tests measuring maximal sweat production (rag) and sweat Na+, K+ and CIconcentrations (mMol/L) were performed on both forearms of 10 EH patients, before and six weeks after TS, and in normal volunteers. Results: As compared to normals, preoperative maximal sweat production was 30% higher (199.4 ± 68.8 (SD) vs. 150.6 ± 45.6 Mg) in EH patients; due to type II error, however, statistical significance was not reached. Na+ and Cl- concentrations were similar, and K+ concentration was slightly lower in EH patients. After TS, sweat production had decreased to equal levels as in normals (149.1 ± 52.1 mg), whereas the Na+ (from 33.6 ± 6.9 to 51.0 ± 6.4 mMol/L), Cl- (from 21.5 ± 6.6 to 37.2 ± 7.1 mMol/L) and K+ (from 7.5 ± 1.3 to 8.6 ± 2.2 mMol/L) concentrations had increased. Conclusions: EH patients present 30% higher maximal sweat production at their forearms. This increase may be due to an increased activity of the adrenergic component of sweat gland innervation. The post-TS increase in Na+, Cl- and K+ concentrations suggests that the adrenergic component of sweat gland innervation in itself decreases sweat ion concentrations.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe