Music performance anxiety among full-time music students

Introduction Music performance anxiety (MPA, often referred to as "stage fright") is one of the leading severe medical problems among musicians. For about 15-25% of musicians MPA is a serious problem. Particularly high levels of MPA are observed among music students. Musical performance can induce negative emotions, including anxiety, which in some individuals can approach extreme levels of terror and take the form of panic attack, impair the quality of the performance, lead to avoidance of performance situations, and consequently have debilitating effects on the career. Coping efforts used by musicians in their attempts to manage MPA, such as sedatives, alcohol, and β-blockers can have deleterious health side-effects. Music ranks high in the cultural and economic life of Switzerland. In ten university music schools, students from all around the world are educated to become professional musicians. Despite the importance of musical education in Switzerland, data concerning the phenomenon of MPA are largely lacking. Goal and Methods The main goal of this research was to survey the occurrence, experience, and management of MPA among full-time music students in French Swiss conservatories. A questionnaire was developed based on the literature and interviews with music students and teachers and distributed to all the students of the conservatories of Fribourg, Geneva, Lausanne, and Neuchâtel in the spring 2007. 194 students (61% women) returned the questionnaire. Results The size of the problem: MPA is a major problem for 1/3 of the students (ranks 3 and 4). The consequences of MPA: 22% and 35% of the students think that they have failed exams and auditions, respectively, because of MPA. Further, 25% of the students have already avoided performing and 11% have interrupted public performances because of MPA. Coping with MPA: 90% of the students have never used alcohol prior to performing, whereas 97% and 81%, respectively, have never used recreation drugs and medication. The majority of students use relaxation exercises, respiratory exercises, and meditation techniques to prepare themselves. About ¾ of the students think that the use of alcohol and recreational drugs to manage MPA is never justified. 53% of the students think that the use of medication is justified on some occasions. Need for information and support: 66% of the students would like to receive more support and help to cope with music performance situations. This support should mainly come from their teachers and specialists. 53% of the students know nothing or little about possible means for the management of MPA. About 50% consider themselves not at all or little informed about the possible risks associated with the consumption of alcohol, recreational drugs, and medication for the management of performance situations. 89% would like to know more about MPA and 94% think that this topic should be discussed much more in their musical education at the conservatory. Conclusions The results of this survey indicate that MPA is a major problem for 1/3 of the students with serious consequences on their career. There is a huge need for more information and support on how to manage the stress due to performance situations. The use of alcohol, recreational drugs, and medication is modest but the students are poorly informed about possible side-effects of these coping strategies. It seems clear that more should be done in the French Swiss conservatories about music performance anxiety to inform, educate, and prepare the students for their future professional career

Association of work related chronic stressors and psychiatric symptoms in a Swiss sample of police officers; a cross sectional questionnaire study

Purpose: (1) To identify work related stressors that are associated with psychiatric symptoms in a Swiss sample of policemen and (2) to develop a model for identifying officers at risk for developing mental health problems. Method: The study design is cross sectional. A total of 354 male police officers answered a questionnaire assessing a wide spectrum of work related stressors. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the "TST questionnaire” (Langner in J Health Hum Behav 4, 269-276, 1962). Logistic regression with backward procedure was used to identify a set of variables collectively associated with high scores for psychiatric symptoms. Results: A total of 42 (11.9%) officers had a high score for psychiatric symptoms. Nearly all potential stressors considered were significantly associated (at P<0.05) with a high score for psychiatric symptoms. A significant model including 6 independent variables was identified: lack of support from superior and organization OR=3.58 (1.58-8.13), self perception of bad quality work OR=2.99 (1.35-6.59), inadequate work schedule OR=2.84 (1.22-6.62), high mental/intellectual demand OR=2.56 (1.12-5.86), age (in decades) OR=1.82 (1.21-2.73), and score for physical environment complaints OR=1.30 (1.03-1.64). Conclusions: Most of work stressors considered are associated with psychiatric symptoms. Prevention should target the most frequent stressors with high association to symptoms. Complaints of police officers about stressors should receive proper consideration by the management of public administration. Such complaints might be the expression of psychiatric caseness requiring medical assistance. Particular attention should be given to police officers complaining about many stressors identified in this study's multiple mode

Preventing psychosocial risks at work: An evaluation study of labour inspectorate interventions

Workplace responses to labour inspectorate interventions regarding psychosocial risks at work are not well known. This study aimed to assess the effects of inspection visits at company level. A survey was conducted in two groups of companies. In one group, companies were visited by a labour inspector some days after the survey, and in the other group, not. The survey was repeated one year later in both groups. It relied on a structured phone interview with the person within the company who best knew about occupational health and safety. We collected information about health and safety management, worker participation, as well as ability, willingness and measures for the prevention of psychosocial risks. Two kinds of prevention measures were distinguished: specific psychosocial risk management measures on one side, and more general improvements of working conditions on the other side. 185 companies with an inspection visit and 161 companies without took part in the study. The results were encouraging, since inspected companies improved their management of health and safety, increased their ability in psychosocial issues, and demonstrated a stronger willingness to act. To a lesser extent, they implemented specific psychosocial risk management measures. However, visits did not lead to improvements regarding scores for employee participation or general improvements of working conditions, such as work organisation, working schedules or staffing levels. A further step for regulatory initiatives would be to emphasise more strongly the need for a prevention approach grounded in the assessment and improvement of job designs, content and organisation

Stage fright: its experience as a problem and coping with it

Purpose and method: This questionnaire survey of 190 university music students assessed negative feelings of music performance anxiety (MPA) before performing, the experience of stage fright as a problem, and how closely they are associated with each other. The study further investigated whether the experience of stage fright as a problem and negative feelings of MPA predict the coping behavior of the music students. Rarely addressed coping issues were assessed, i.e., self-perceived effectiveness of different coping strategies, knowledge of possible risks and acceptance of substance-based coping strategies, and need for more support. Results: The results show that one-third of the students experienced stage fright as a problem and that this was only moderately correlated with negative feelings of MPA. The experience of stage fright as a problem significantly predicted the frequency of use and the acceptance of medication as a coping strategy. Breathing exercises and self-control techniques were rated as effective as medication. Finally, students expressed a strong need to receive more support (65%) and more information (84%) concerning stage fright. Conclusion: Stage fright was experienced as a problem and perceived as having negative career consequences by a considerable percentage of the surveyed students. In addition to a desire for more help and support, the students expressed an openness and willingness to seriously discuss and address the topic of stage fright. This provides a necessary and promising basis for optimal career preparation and, hence, an opportunity to prevent occupational problems in professional musician

Prévenir les risques psychosociaux : une étude des perceptions et pratiques des employeurs

Que font les employeurs pour prévenir les risques psychosociaux ? La littérature scientifique donne des indications sur l’efficacité de différents types de mesures de prévention et, partant, sur ce qu’il faudrait mettre en place. En revanche, on connaît mal ce que les entreprises font réellement, et les réponses à cette question relèvent souvent d’avis d’experts. Afin de contribuer à combler cette lacune, nous avons réalisé une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’environ 400 entreprises; celle-ci portait sur la manière dont les employeurs perçoivent l’exposition de leur personnel aux risques psychosociaux, et sur les mesures qu’ils mettent en place pour y faire face. Les résultats révèlent un écart important entre les recommandations issues de la littérature et les représentations et pratiques des employeurs

Effort, reward and self-reported mental health: a simulation study on negative affectivity bias

Background : In the present article, we propose an alternative method for dealing with negative affectivity (NA) biases in research, while investigating the association between a deleterious psychosocial environment at work and poor mental health. First, we investigated how strong NA must be to cause an observed correlation between the independent and dependent variables. Second, we subjectively assessed whether NA can have a large enough impact on a large enough number of subjects to invalidate the observed correlations between dependent and independent variables.Methods : We simulated 10,000 populations of 300 subjects each, using the marginal distribution of workers in an actual population that had answered the Siegrist's questionnaire on effort and reward imbalance (ERI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).Results : The results of the present study suggested that simulated NA has a minimal effect on the mean scores for effort and reward. However, the correlations between the effort and reward imbalance (ERI) ratio and the GHQ score might be important, even in simulated populations with a limited NA.Conclusions : When investigating the relationship between the ERI ratio and the GHQ score, we suggest the following rules for the interpretation of the results: correlations with an explained variance of 5% and below should be considered with caution; correlations with an explained variance between 5% and 10% may result from NA, although this effect does not seem likely; and correlations with an explained variance of 10% and above are not likely to be the result of NA biases. [Authors]]]> Mental Health ; Work ; Social Values ; Motivation ; Self Concept ; Burnout, Professional ; Transportation of Patients ; Psychology, Clinical eng https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_05B4BD754C46.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_05B4BD754C468 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_05B4BD754C468 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_05B561E47FC8 2022-02-19T02:12:55Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_05B561E47FC8 Visual recovery from radiation-induced optic neuropathy. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/8340486 Borruat, F. X. Schatz, N. J. Glaser, J. S. Feun, L. G. Matos, L. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1993-06 Journal of Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 98-101 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0272-846X <![CDATA[Optic neuropathy resulting in permanent visual loss is an infrequent delayed complication of radiation therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been used to treat such a complication, but its efficacy is controversial. We report a patient who presented with radiation-induced optic neuropathy 17 months after irradiation for a left maxillary antrum melanoma. HBO fully reversed visual loss in the more recently involved eye, and slightly improved vision in the earlier affected eye

Urgences préhospitalières: mieux valoriser le travail des professionnels pour prévenir les troubles mentaux

On savait déjà que la détresse psychique touchait souvent les professionnels des interventions d'urgence préhospitalières. Voici qu'une étude chez des ambulanciers suisses, qui, à l'instar des pompiers français, prennent en charge les patients avant leur admission à l'hôpital, montre que le surinvestissement dans le travail et la perception d'un travail faiblement valorisé sont des facteurs nettement associés à des troubles de la santé mentale. [Auteurs]]]> Emergency Medical Technicians ; Occupational Health ; Mental Health ; Stress, Psychological ; Clinical Competence ; Professional Competence ; Learning ; Task Performance and Analysis fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_2D46003F1D03 2022-02-19T02:17:35Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_2D46003F1D03 Arrêt cardiaque suite à l’administration accidentelle d’amphotéricine B sous forme désoxycholate Cuda, Loredana Mury, Caroline Pagani, Jean-Luc Revelly, Jean-Pierre Livio, Françoise Aubert, John-David Schaller, Marie-Denise Voirol, Pierre Eggimann, Philippe Que, Yok-Ai info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2018 Forum Medical Suisse, vol. 18, no. 50, pp. 1067-1071 fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_2D465270590E 2022-02-19T02:17:35Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_2D465270590E Internationalization dynamics in the Swiss Corporate Tax Reform III Cavallaro, M. IDHEAP info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper techreport 2015 <![CDATA[Over the last years, in a context of international tax competition, international and regional institutions such as the G20, the OECD, and the European Union are redefining what is acceptable in terms of corporate fiscal policy. Certain Swiss preferential tax treatments are considered by the above-mentioned institutions as harmful tax practices. As a consequence, the Swiss government has planned a third corporate tax reform (CTR III). The objective of this reform is to ensure international acceptability of the corporate tax system without prejudicing local public finances and Swiss corporate tax attractiveness. Therefore, we can posit that the CTR III is an internationalized object influenced by both regulation trends and tax competition framework. The main purpose of this paper is to provide elements of answer on how the currently discussed CTR III is influenced by the international environment, by focusing on its content as well as the reactions and positions of local stakeholders. With the help of internationalization literature, two distinct internationalization processes have been identified through the propositions of compliance measures with internationally-defined standards and competitiveness-enhancing measures. With regard to the configuration of local actors, the degree of conflict seems to be rather high. The current content of the reform is supported by the business community and right-wing parties and rejected by the unions and the Socialist Party

Un projet de recherche : identifier les compétences développées par les policiers exposés à la violence et aux incivilités

Les problèmes de santé mentale (détresse psychique, dépression, burn-out, etc.) sont une préoccupation grandissante dans les sociétés occidentales. Ils se caractérisent par de gros risques de rechutes et de chronicisation (Lopez, Mathers, Ezzati, Jamison, Murray, 2006; The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium, 2004), ainsi que par des conséquences dramatiques pour les personnes qui en sont les victimes. Pour les organisations - et la police n'échappe pas à ce phénomène - ces problèmes constituent un défi majeur puisqu'ils sont associés à des épisodes d'absences prolongées et à une diminution importante de l'efficacité au travail. [Auteur]]]> Police ; Violence ; Occupational Health ; Mental Health fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_12038 2022-02-19T02:14:00Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_12038 Grandes Lignes. Seylaz-Dubuis, C Fornerod, F Roche, S Aubert, R info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1999 Ecriture, vol. 53, pp. 207-213 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11FC6EC77F81 2022-02-19T02:14:00Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11FC6EC77F81 Reproducibility and feasibility of a 22 joints ultrasound score in rheumatoid arthritis: a study among rheumatologists with diverse expertise in musculoskeletal ultrasound http://www.smw.ch/fileadmin/smw/pdf/Supplementa_2011/SMW_Suppl-188.pdf Brulhart, L. Zufferey, P. Tamborrini, G. Moeller, B. Gerber, T. Krebs, A. Mariacher-Gehler, S. Ziswiler, H.R. info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject inproceedings 2011 Annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Rheumatology, vol. 141, pp. 6S info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/1424-7860 urn:issn:0036-7672 <![CDATA[Objective: To assess reproducibility and feasibility of amusculoskeletal ultrasound (US) score for rheumatoid arthritis amongrheumatologist with diverse expertise in US, working in private orhospital practice.Methods: The Swiss Sonography in Arthritis and Rheumatism(SONAR) group has developed a semi-quantitative score for RA usingOMERACT criteria for synovitis and erosion. The score was taught torheumatologists trained in US through two workshops. Subsequently,they were encouraged to practice in their office. For the study, we used6 US machines of different quality, each with a different patient.19 readers randomly selected among rheumatologists who haveattended both workshops, were asked to score anonymously at leastone patient. To assess whether some factors influence the score, weasked each reader to answer questionnaire describing his experiencewith US.Results: 19 rheumatologists have performed 29 scans, each patienthaving been evaluated by 4 to 6 readers. Median time for examcompletion was 20 minutes (range 15 to 60 mn). 53% ofrheumatologists work in private practice. Graph 1 show the global greyscale score for each patient. Weighted kappa was calculated for eachpair of reader using stata11. Almost all kappa of poor agreement wereobtained with a low quality device or by an assessor who havepreviously performed less than 5 scores himself.Conclusions: This is the first study to show an US score for RAfeasible by rheumatologists with diverse expertise in US both in privateand hospital practice. Reproducibility seemed to be influenced by thequality of device and previous experience with the score

Division de l'attention lors d'interventions d'urgence préhospitalière : quelques apports de l'analyse d'activité en situation réelle de travail

Problème : Les ambulanciers effectuent souvent des tâches en contexte de division de l'attention. Cette caractéristique du travail peut contribuer à augmenter les risques d'erreurs ou ralentir le déroulement des interventions. Dans les situations d'urgences préhospitalières, cela peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques pour le patient et pour les intervenants. Méthode : Nous avons analysé l'activité réelle de travail d'ambulanciers en contexte d'intervention d'urgences. Notre démarche a impliqué l'accompagnement d'ambulanciers lors d'interventions réelles qu'il nous a été possible de filmer. Les analyses effectuées par une équipe multidisciplinaire ont de plus été complétées et validées par des séances en auto-confrontation. Résultats : Nos analyses ont permis de constater plusieurs exemples de travail en contexte de division de l'attention. De plus, nous avons aussi été en mesure de documenter certaines stratégies mises en oeuvre par ces professionnels afin de diminuer la charge cognitive attribuable à la division de l'attention. Conclusion : Notre étude pilote a permis de mieux comprendre le travail des ambulanciers. Nous avons constaté que la division de l'attention est fréquente et que les professionnels confrontés à cette exigence développent diverses stratégies pour y faire face. Nous avons aussi montré la faisabilité et la pertinence de l'analyse de l'activité réelle de travail lors d'interventions d'urgences préhospitalières. [Auteurs]]]> Occupational Health ; Mental Health ; Attention ; Task Perfomance and Analysis ; Allied Health Personnel ; Emergency Medical Services ; fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_42CD8971E84C.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_42CD8971E84C1 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_42CD8971E84C1 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_42CDC86964A6 2022-02-19T02:20:12Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_42CDC86964A6 Barbara Orland (Hg.): Artifizielle Körper - Lebendige Technik. Technische Modellierungen des Körpers in historischer Perspektive (Zürich, Chronos Verlag, 2005) http://www.gesnerus.ch/fileadmin/media/pdf/2007_3-4/252-322_Book_Reviews.pdf Kaba, Mariama info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2007 Gesnerus. Revue suisse d'histoire de la médecine et des sciences naturelles, vol. 64, no. 3/4, pp. 303-305 History of Science and Technology; Body fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_42CE5369FFE3 2022-02-19T02:20:12Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_42CE5369FFE3 Imaging Features of Pulmonary Immune-related Adverse Events. info:doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.017 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.017 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/34087477 Pozzessere, C. Lazor, R. Jumeau, R. Peters, S. Prior, J.O. Beigelman-Aubry, C. info:eu-repo/semantics/review article 2021-09 Journal of thoracic oncology, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1449-1460 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1556-1380 urn:issn:1556-0864 <![CDATA[Pulmonary immune-related adverse events represent rare but potentially severe side effects of immunotherapies. Diagnosis is often challenging, as symptoms and imaging features are not specific and may mimic other lung diseases, thus potentially delaying appropriate patient management. In this setting, an accurate imaging evaluation is essential for a prompt detection and correct management of these drug-induced lung diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the different types of pulmonary immune-related adverse events, describe their imaging characteristics on both high-resolution computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography and stress their underlying diagnostic challenge by presenting the mimickers