Academic Inventors, Scientific Impact and the Institutionalisation of Pasteur's Quadrant in Spain

We rely on a novel database of Spanish author-inventors to explore the relationship between the past patenting experience of academic authors and the scientific impact (citations received and journal prestige) of scientific articles published during 2003-2008 in journals listed in SCOPUS. We also study how such a relationship is affected by differences across academic affiliations, distinguishing between public universities and different types of non-university public research organisations. Our econometric estimations show that scientific impact is positively associated with having authors with past patenting experience as inventors at the European Patent Office. Exceptions are the articles of authors affiliated to new independent public research centres, not tied to the civil service model and oriented to do research that is both excellent and use-inspired. These are also on average the most cited articles.Martínez, C.; Azagra Caro, JM.; Maraut, S. (2013). Academic Inventors, Scientific Impact and the Institutionalisation of Pasteur's Quadrant in Spain. Industry and Innovation. 20(5):438-455. doi:10.1080/13662716.2013.824194S43845520

Identifying author-inventors from Spain: methods and a first insight into results

The aim of this paper is to describe a matching and disambiguation methodology for the identification of author-inventors located in the same country. It aims to maximize precision and recall rates by taking into account national name writing customs in the name matching stage and by including a recursive validation step in the person disambiguation stage. An application to the identification of Spanish author-inventors is described in detail, where all SCOPUS 2003-2008 publications of Spanish authors are matched to all 1978-2009 EPO applications with Spanish inventors. Using this data, we identify 4,194 Spanish author-inventors. A first look at their patenting and publication patterns reveal that Spanish author-inventors make quite a significant contribution to the overall country’s scientific and technological production in the time periods considered: 27% of all EPO patent applications invented in Spain and 15% of all SCOPUS scientific articles authored in Spain, with important differences across fields and excluding journals in non-technologically relevant fields.Peer reviewe

Spanish academic inventors

Trabajo presentado en el ESF APE-INV 3rd Name Game workshop, celebrado en Bruselas el 5 y 6 de septiembre de 2011.Peer reviewe

Identifying author–inventors from Spain: methods and a first insight into results

The purpose of this paper is twofold: methodological and empirical. Methodologically, we describe a matching and disambiguation procedure for the identification of author–inventors (researchers who publish and patent) located in the same country. Our methodology aims to maximize precision and recall rates by taking into account national name writing customs and country-specific dictionaries for person and institution names (academic and non-academic) in the name matching stage and by including a recursive validation step in the person disambiguation stage. An application of this methodology to the identification of Spanish author–inventors is described in detail. Empirically, we present the first results of applying the described methodology to the matching of all SCOPUS 2003–2008 publications of Spanish authors to all 1978–2009 EPO applications with Spanish inventors. Using this data, we identify 4,194 Spanish author–inventors. A first look at their patenting and publication patterns reveals that they make quite a significant contribution to the country’s overall scientific and technological production in the time period considered: 27 % of all EPO patent applications invented in Spain and 15 % of all SCOPUS publications authored in Spain, excluding non-technological disciplines. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a large scale identification of author–inventors from Spain has been done, with no limitation in terms of fields, regions or types of institutions. We also make available online for scientific use an anonymized subset of the database (patent applications invented by authors affiliated to Spanish public universities).We acknowledge funding from the Spanish National Plan Project CSO2009-10845.Peer Reviewe

The positive effect of academic invention and ownership on citations to scientific articles: universities vs public research organisations

Trabajo presentado al ESF-APE-INV Workshop: "Scientists & Inventors” celebrado en Leuven (Bélgica) del 10 al 11 de mayo de 2012.Peer Reviewe

Microwork platforms as enablers to new ecosystems and business models: the challenge of managing difficult tasks

International audienceWe explore how microwork platforms manage difficult tasks in paid crowdsourcing environments. We argue that as human computation becomes more prevalent, notably in the context of big data ecosystems, microwork platforms might have to evolve and to take a more managerial stance in order to provide the right incentives to online workers to handle difficult tasks. We illustrate this first through a name disambiguation experiment on Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), a well-known microwork platform, and second through direct analysis of the dynamics of task execution in a dataset of real microwork projects on AMT. We discuss the emergence of more specialised microwork platforms as an attempt to facilitate a better management of difficult tasks in the context of paid crowdsourcing

Human computing via online labor markets. The perils and promises of crowdsourcing in data-rich ecosystems

In this article, we focus on the need for “human computing” in data-rich ecosystems, notably as a consequence of data variety and typically for name disambiguation, and explore ways to manage it via online platforms for paid crowdsourcing. Based on several studies of Amazon Mechanical Turk, a well-established platform for matching data treatment tasks to human beings willing to carry them out, we illustrate the difficulties involved as requesters compete for the attention of workers. We suggest that researchers should shift from a technical analysis and tentative resolution of human computing perils and pitfalls, towards a more economic and managerial analysis of human computing platforms understood as online labor markets, notably in their multi-sided nature and with respect to how they manage the attention of online workersPeer reviewe