63 research outputs found

    Improvement of a well bottomhole zone treatment applying a spent sulfuric acid solution

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    Relevance. Caused by the need to ensure highly efficient distribution of spent sulfuric acid solutions during acid treatment of a production well bottomhole zone. The proposed method increases the efficiency of this process by growth of efficiency of production wells exploiting terrigenous limestone reservoirs in the wellbore zone. Aim. To develop and propose a method for using spent sulfuric acid solutions during acid treatment of a production well bottomhole zone, a methodology for its application. The essence of the method is that to increase the efficiency of production wells exploiting terrigenous reservoirs, solutions of sulfuric acid or its derivatives, in particular spent sulfuric acid, are used as an acid reagent. Objects. It was revealed that the surface activity of spent sulfuric acid in fresh water at the interface with hydrocarbon liquids is significantly greater than the activity of solutions of commercial hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Based on physical and chemical studies, it has been established that spent sulfuric acid solutions can be used in acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells to increase formation fluid production. Solutions of hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, as well as waste – spent sulfuric acid, were used as experimental liquids. Compared to commercial acids, the spent sulfuric acid solutions have the greatest ability to interact in carbonate rocks.Β  Β Methods. Models of porous medium were created in experimental columns, which were pipes made of organic glass with a length of 0.5 m and a diameter of 0.025 m. The manufactured model of the porous medium was evacuated and saturated with fresh water, after which the water permeability was determined, then the water was replaced with acid solutions. After a certain time for the acid to react with the carbonates of the porous medium, the water permeability was again determined. The experiments were carried out at room temperature and a pressure gradient of 0.05...0.2 MPa/m. Moreover, after completion of the treatment of the near-wellbore zone in order to prevent the deposition of sediments formed in the pores as a result of the interaction of acid with carbonates, the well is put into operation after an eight-hour holding period with large depressions in the near-wellbore zone. Results. Visual observations shown that water filtration through the porous medium at high pressure gradients leads to a large removal of sediments from the porous medium. This is the consequence of an increase in the porous medium permeability after treating it with a 15% solution of waste sulfuric acid. Thus, laboratory experiments shown that the use of spent sulfuric acid solutions under certain conditions can increase well productivity

    Experimental and theoretical research of the interaction between high-strength supercavitation impactors and monolithic barriers in water

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    The article describes experimental and theoretical research of the interaction between supercavitating impactors and underwater aluminum alloy and steel barriers. Strong alloys are used for making impactors. An experimental research technique based on a high-velocity hydro-ballistic complex was developed. Mathematical simulation of the collision the impactor and barrier is based on the continuum mechanics inclusive of the deformation and destruction of interacting bodies. Calculated and experimental data on the ultimate penetration thickness of barriers made of aluminum alloy D16T and steel for the developed supercavitating impactor are obtained

    Special features of high-speed interaction of supercavitating solids in water

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    Special features of material behavior of a supercavitating projectile are investigated at various initial velocities of entering water on the basis of the developed stress-strain state model with possibility of destruction of solids when moving in water and interacting with various underwater barriers with the use of consistent methodological approach of mechanics of continuous media. The calculation-experimental method was used to study the modes of motion of supercavitating projectiles at sub- and supersonic velocities in water medium after acceleration in the barrelled accelerator, as well as their interaction with barriers. Issues of stabilization of the supercavitating projectile on the initial flight path in water were studied. Microphotographs of state of solids made of various materials, before and after interaction with water, at subsonic and supersonic velocities were presented. Supersonic velocity of the supercavitating projectile motion in water of 1590β€…m/s was recorded

    High-speed impact of the metal projectile on the barrier containing porous corundum-based ceramics with chemically active filler

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    The paper presents a calculation-experimental study on high-speed interaction of the metal projectile with a combined barrier made of porous corundum-based ceramics filled with chemically active composition (sulfur, nitrate of potash) in the wide range of speeds. A mathematical behavior model of porous corundum-based ceramics with chemically active filler is developed within the scope of mechanics of continuous media taking into account the energy embedding from a possible chemical reaction between a projectile metal and filler at high-speed impact. Essential embedding of inlet heat is not observed in the considered range of impact speeds (2.5 … 8β€…km/s)

    Recent results from the T2K experiment

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    Recent results of the analysis of 2:23Γ—1021 POT data collected by the T2K long-baseline neutrino accelerator experiment are presented in this paper. It is shown that T2K is able to constrain the CP-violating phase Ξ΄CP in the lepton sector with 2Οƒ significance. Nearest plans for improving the sensitivity to Ξ΄CP are also given

    RATIONALE FOR SELECTING SAND FILTERS FOR PRODUCTION WELLS

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    Link for citation: Khabibullin M.Ya., Khabibullin Β A.M. Rationale for selecting sand filters for production wells. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, Ρ€Ρ€. 26-34. In Rus. The relevance of the study are caused by the need to ensure the flow of more purified reservoir fluid into the bottomhole zone of the well. When opening a formation with production wells, the design of which includes anti-sand filters, there are some imperfections that are characterized by the degree and nature of its opening and are caused by the designs of casing filters. For a rational choice of an anti-sand filter in a well, it is necessary to conduct experimental bench studies, taking into account well conditions. Purpose: based on the results of experimental studies, propose the optimal design of the anti-sand filter. To select, it is necessary to take into account the hydraulic parameters of its operation, which can be determined based on the bench tests of two types of filter elements: block and frame-rod with wire winding, in open and cased hole conditions, as the most promising in terms of application. Objects. To accomplish this task, a stand was created that allows you to: determine the amount of fluid passing through with sand; the volume and granulometric state of the sands that pass through the filters when filtering the mixed liquid; state and change in the structure of rocks in the bottomhole zone of the well; distances between the filter elements and the production casing, the performance of the sand filter. The main component of the stand is a combined-shaped filtration tray imitating a circular reservoir model. Methods. The working fluid (oil), preheated to a predetermined temperature with the help of a heating element, is supplied to the filtration tray by a pump from the receiving tank through the pressure manifold. The temperature of the working fluid in a given mode is maintained using a non-contact controller. The discharge pressure is measured with a manometer. The pressure manifold is fitted with a spring-loaded relief valve. The change in pressure of the radial flow of the working fluid in the filtration tray is recorded by a pressure sensor. The working fluid from the filtration tray is passed through a cleaning system made in the form of two cylinders, in which there are sieves for trapping and screening sand particles with a size of 0,005 mm or more. The purified working fluid again enters the receiving tank. Results. Block and single-layer wire filters while ensuring a small amount of sand are quickly clogged. The double layer wire filter has the highest peak resistances and occasional significant sand production. Obviously, it can be recommended for flowing oil production, with a significant excess of reservoir pressure in relation to hydrostatic pressure

    Methodology of designing the transforming mechanism pumping unit

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    ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования обусловлСна Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ кинСматичСской схСмы станка-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ. РСшСниС этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ кинСматичСской схСмы с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° скваТинного ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насоса ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ЦСль: Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡƒ проСктирования станка-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ производствС ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ станков-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΊ прСдставляСт собой ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ симмСтричной ΠΈ нСсиммСтричной кинСматичСским схСмам. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ симмСтричной схСмС Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ вращСния ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ° находится Π½Π° прямой, проходящСй Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ полоТСниям сочлСнСния ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡƒΠ½Π° ΠΈ балансира. ВсС ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ случаи ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ нСсиммСтричной схСмС. Π’ настоящСС врСмя, Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ проСктирования ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° симмСтричной схСмы, Π² качСствС исходных Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ кинСматичСскиС ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ - ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ радиуса ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΊ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ соотвСтствСнно Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ‡Π° балансира ΠΈ ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡƒΠ½Π°. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ исслСдования являСтся ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ элСктродвигатСля Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ подвСса ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π½Π³. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ считаСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом рСкомСндуСтся ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹, нСпосрСдствСнно ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ кинСматичСской схСмы ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π±Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ всС тСорСтичСски Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ практичСски осущСствимы. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² [psi] нСсколько ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ тСорСтичСски Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ области ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ конструктивных особСнностСй ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Π² ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ корпусу ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ травСрсы Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ корпус Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, высота ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ подвСска ΡƒΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Π²Π°Π»Π° ΡƒΡΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ сальник, ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.). Для удобства пользования ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ цСлСсообразно искомыС Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ (Π² долях Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°). Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. По ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΌ с использованиСм Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΈΡ€ΠΌ вычислСны ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния кинСматичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кинСматичСских схСм. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π³Π°Π±Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° отСчСствСнных станков-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΊ симмСтричной схСмы (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° 45…60 %, Π° высота - 25…30 %) мСньшС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρƒ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… станков-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΊ нСсиммСтричной схСмы. Разработанная ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° позволяСт ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-эксплуатационныС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ станков-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΊ, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ кинСматичСским схСмам. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ полоТСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ динамичСскиС Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹, ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ скваТинного ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насоса максимальна, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ позволяСт ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ станка-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.The relevance of the research is caused by the need to ensure more efficient operation of the kinematic scheme of the pumping unit. The solution to this problem will improve the operation of the kinematic scheme from the point of view of the loads arising in it and reduce the metal consumption of the surface drive of the sucker rod pump during its design. The main aim of the research is to develop and propose a methodology for designing pumping unit during its production and manufacture. Objects. The converting mechanism of the pumping units is a hinged four-link mechanism made according to symmetrical and asymmetrical kinematic schemes. With a symmetrical scheme, the center of rotation of the crank is on a straight line passing through the points corresponding to the extreme positions of the articulation of the connecting rod and the balance bar. All other cases correspond to an unbalanced scheme. At present, in accordance with the existing design technique of the symmetrical circuit converting mechanism, the kinematic ratios r/K and r/l are used as the initial data - the ratio of the crank radius to the length of the rear arm of the balancer and the connecting rod, respectively. The object of research is a hinge mechanism that converts the rotational motion of an electric motor into a reciprocating motion of the suspension point of the rods. Methods. The technique that allows you to design a mechanism according to predetermined output parameters is more preferable and practical. At the same time, it is recommended to use parameters that directly determine both the type of the kinematic diagram of the converting mechanism and its overall dimensions. It should be noted that not all theoretically real mechanisms can be practically feasible. Therefore, the real area of angles [psi] is somewhat narrower than the theoretical real area and should be determined taking into account the design features of the mechanism (for example, in an extremely close position to the body, the traverse should not touch the gearbox housing, the height of the mechanism should be such that in the lower position the suspension of the wellhead rod does not touch the wellhead oil seal, etc.). For convenience of using the proposed method, it is advisable to present the sought values in the given form (in fractions of the stroke length). Results. According to the formulas obtained, using the data from catalogs of different companies, the reduced values of the kinematic parameters of the converting mechanisms of various kinematic schemes are calculated. As a result, we find that the overall dimensions of the converting mechanism of domestic pumping units of a symmetrical scheme (length by 45...60 %, and height by 25...30 %) are smaller than those of foreign pumping units of an asymmetrical scheme. The developed technique makes it possible to compare the technical and operational indicators of pumping units made according to various kinematic schemes. The proposed technique with the optimal position function, at which the dynamic loads on the drive are minimal, the efficiency of the downhole sucker rod pump is maximal, makes it possible to reduce the metal consumption of the pumping unit during its design

    Increasing the efficiency of the mechanism for gas cleaning from oil aerosols by filters from metalloceramic materials

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    ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования обусловлСна Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ увСличСния объСмов провСдСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСхнологичСских процСссов, связанных с эффСктивной очисткой Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² кСрамичСских Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…. НаиболСС пСрспСктивной Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ для очистки ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ‹Π»ΠΈ высокотСмпСратурных Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ с элСмСнтами ΠΈΠ· пористых ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… кСрамичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ЦСль: Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ схСму Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ установки для изучСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ использования Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ исслСдуСмых ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π·Π° счСт получСния эффСкта Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Β«Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β» аэрозолСй ΠΈ наблюдСния Π½Π° Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ коэффициСнта проскока с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ скорости Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° частиц. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹. ИсслСдованиям ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ однослойныС Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ элСмСнты - пористыС Ρ†ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€Ρ‹, двухслойныС Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ элСмСнты, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ элСмСнт, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ изготовляли нанСсСниСм Π½Π° однослойный элСмСнт ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° с частицами Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ 45 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ слоя ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° с Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ частицами (180 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ). ΠšΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ элСмСнт состоял ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… элСмСнтов: Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ однослойного (Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ частиц 180 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ 0,052 ΠΌ, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π° стСнки 0,004 ΠΌ) ΠΈ вставлСнного Π² Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ коаксиально двухслойного. ИсслСдовали осаТдСниС аэрозолСй трансформаторного масла, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… распылСниСм Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Ρ‚ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½Π°. ДиспСрсный состав ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ аэрозолСй Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ послС Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° опрСдСляли пятиступСнчатым каскадным ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π›Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ согласно ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ эффСктивной очисткС Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² кСрамичСских Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 600 Β°C ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅. Однако дальнСйшСС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ этих исслСдований ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ отсутствиСм достаточно экономичных отСчСствСнных кСрамичСских пористых Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов. НаиболСС пСрспСктивной Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ для очистки ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ‹Π»ΠΈ высокотСмпСратурных Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹, Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ элСмСнт ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· пористых ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… кСрамичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… собой особый Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ тСхнологичСскими ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ с ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ с ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€. Π’ процСссС провСдСния испытаний фиксировали: гидравличСскоС сопротивлСниС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ ΠΈ расход Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ капСль Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ послС Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°. ВСхнология создания пористых ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… кСрамичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ°-наполнитСля (элСктрокорунд, дистСн-силлиманит), ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ€ тСхнологичСской связки (Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°) ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ связки (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ спирт), смСшиваниС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, прСссованиС (ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 30 МПа), ΡΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ° (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 150-150 Β°C) ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³ (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 1200-1300 Β°C) ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ². ВСхнология создания пористых ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… кСрамичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ суспСнзии силикатных Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ (1-5 ΠΌΠΌ), Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡˆΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡ, ΡΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³. На ряд пористых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² нанСсСна ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π° с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ создания ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² с ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ… свойств. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования взаимосвязи гидравличСского сопротивлСния Ξ”Ρ€ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… элСмСнтов со ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ двиТСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° капСльной смСси Π³Π°Π·Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Π² цСлях ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ влияния ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ условий испытания. УстановлСн эффСкт Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Β«Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β» аэрозолСй ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ двухслойными ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ достигаСт 99,96 %. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ цСлСсообразности использования Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… кСрамичСских Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов.The relevance of the research is caused by the need to increase in volumes the implementation of various technological processes associated with the effective purification of gases in ceramic filters. The most promising alternative to bag filters for removing dust from hightemperature gases are filters with elements made of porous permeable ceramic materials. Purpose: to develop and propose a scheme of a laboratory setup for studying this process by using filters with large pores in the range of parameters under study by obtaining the effect of generating Β«secondaryΒ» aerosols and observing the breakthrough coefficient at the boundary with an increase in the filtration rate and particle size. Objects. Single-layer filter elements were subjected to research - porous cylinders, two-layer filter elements, combined filter element. The latter was made by applying a layer of powder with larger particles (180 Β΅m) to a single-layer element from a powder with particles of 45 ΞΌm in size. The combined filter element consisted of two elements: an outer single-layer element (particle size 180 ΞΌm, inner diameter 0,052 m, wall thickness 0,004 m) and a coaxial two-layer one inserted into it. The deposition of transformer oil aerosols obtained by spraying in a special fog generator was studied. The dispersed composition and concentration of aerosols before and after the filter were determined using a five-stage cascade impactor. Methods. Laboratory studies were carried out according to the proposed methods for the effective purification of gases in ceramic filters at a temperature of 600 Β°C and more. However, the further development of these studies was hampered by the lack of sufficiently economical domestic ceramic porous filter elements. The most promising alternative to bag filters for dust removal of high-temperature gases are filters, the filter element of which is made of porous permeable ceramic materials - special type of ceramics made by special technological methods with increased porosity and with appropriate sizes and shapes of pores. While testing, the following characteristics were recorded: the hydraulic resistance of the sample, the temperature and air flow, the concentration and size of the droplets before and after the filter. The technology for creating porous permeable ceramic materials from powders is as follows: obtaining a narrowly fractionated filler powder (electrocorundum, disthene-sillimanite), selecting a technological binder (clay) and a temporary binder (polyvinyl alcohol), mixing the components in a certain ratio, pressing (specific pressure 30 MPa), drying (at 150-150 Β°C) and firing (at 1200-1300 Β°C) samples. The technology for creating porous permeable ceramic materials from fibers is as follows: obtaining an aqueous suspension of silicate fibers of a certain length (1-5 mm), molding samples by slip casting, drying and firing. A membrane was applied to a number of porous powder samples in order to create samples with a small pore size and evaluate their properties. The results of the study of the relationship between the hydraulic resistance Ξ”Ρ€ of the filter elements and the flow rate of the droplet gas mixture were analyzed in the criterion form in order to exclude the influence of the individual characteristics of the samples and test conditions. The effect of generating Β«secondaryΒ» aerosols was established and confirmed by processing the results. The efficiency of filtration with two-layer and combined filters reaches 99,96 %. The obtained research results indicate the expediency of using ceramic filter elements in industrial devices

    Increasing the efficiency of separating liquid systems on the basis of improving energy characteristics in rotors of filtering centrifuges of various designs

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    ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования обусловлСны Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ надСТности ΠΈ долговСчности, эффСктивности ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³. ВрСбуСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… энСргСтичСских характСристик, особСнно связанных с Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ энСргии Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сопротивлСний. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ энСргСтичСских характСристик Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ для создания Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ примСняСмая Π² настоящСС врСмя Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³ рСмСнная ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ сущСствСнныС нСдостатки, ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… нСдопустимы. ЦСль: Π½Π° основании Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ модСль двиТСния раздСляСмой систСмы Π² Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³ с Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ шнСковой Π²Ρ‹Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ осадка ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тонкослойном Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ суспСнзий со срСднСзСрнистой Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ объСмной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ мСньшС 60 %. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ процСссы Π² Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³ с Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ шнСковой Π²Ρ‹Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ осадка ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тонкослойном Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ суспСнзий со срСднСзСрнистой Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ. Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… рассматриваСмых Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³ удаСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ - Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ суспСнзия ΠΈΠ· Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π’ мСстах ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ² суспСнзии, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, слой осадка смываСтся. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Богласно Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ матСматичСской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹. Π’ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ I осадок отсутствуСт, ΠΎΠ½ смываСтся ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ суспСнзии ΠΈ отбрасываСтся Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ II, Π³Π΄Π΅ происходит Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ осадка с объСмной Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ порядка 40-50 %. Осадок Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ II накапливаСтся Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° напряТСния ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ силы Π½Π΅ станут Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ напряТСниям Π² осадкС. ПослС этого осадок Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ вдоль Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, постСпСнно освобоТдаясь ΠΎΡ‚ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ. Для опрСдСлСния Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ составлСно Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Тидкости вдоль Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° (Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ) с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· сито. РассматриваСтся Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ осадка Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ II. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ рСологичСской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ принимаСтся осадок Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π½ΡŒΡŽΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° основС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… аналитичСских ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований матСматичСская модСль двиТСния раздСляСмой систСмы Π² коничСском Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ позволяСт ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ процСсса, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ осадка, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ прСбывания осадка Π² Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅, зная ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ извСстным Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ осадка.The relevance of the research is caused by the need to provide more efficient economy, improve reliability and durability, efficiency and productivity of centrifuges. It is required to obtain and study their energy characteristics, especially those associated with energy costs to overcome various harmful resistances. Obtaining the energy characteristics of centrifuges is also necessary to create new drives, since the belt drive currently used in industrial centrifuge drives has significant drawbacks, some of which are unacceptable. Purpose: based on the results of experimental studies, propose a new mathematical model for a separated system movement in the rotors of filter centrifuges with centrifugal and screw unloading of sediment in thin-layer filtration of suspensions with a medium-grained solid phase and a volume concentration of less than 60 %. Objects. The processes in the rotors of filtering centrifuges with centrifugal and screw unloading of sludge during thin-layer filtration of suspensions with a medium-grained solid phase are studied. Experimentally, in the rotors of the centrifuges under consideration, it is possible to distinguish two zones - the pressure filtration zone and the centrifugal pressing zone. If the filtration mode is violated, the suspension from the pressure filtration zone can fall into the centrifugal pressing zone. In places of suspension breakthroughs, as well as in the pressure filtration zone, the sediment layer is washed off. Methods. According to the developed mathematical model, the rotor is divided into two zones along the generatrix. There is no sediment in zone I, it is washed away by the suspension flow and thrown into zone II, where sediment is accumulated with a volumetric moisture content of about 40-50 %. Sediment in zone II is accumulated until the stresses from the tangential component of the centrifugal force become equal to the internal shear stresses in the sediment. After that, the sediment begins to move along the rotor, gradually freeing itself from moisture. To determine the length of the pressure filtration zone, a differential equation was compiled that describes the flow of liquid along the rotor (in the form of a thin film) with its simultaneous filtration through a sieve. The sediment movement in zone II is considered. In the first approximation to the rheological model, the sediment is taken as a non-Newtonian liquid. Results. The mathematical model of the movement of the separated system in the conical rotor proposed on the basis of the conducted analytical and experimental studies makes it possible to determine the length of the pressure filtration zone and calculate the process parameters that ensure the presence of a zone and sediment in the rotor, as well as determine the duration of the sediment in the rotor, knowing which, one can according to known formulas, calculate the moisture content of the resulting sediment
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