Role of adjuvant metformin therapy on HA1C in type 1 diabetes

BackgroundAdequate glycaemic control ‎is a protective strategy against ‎diabetic complication that achieved manly with insulin therapy, ‎‎studies have shown that type 1 diabetic patients had ‎a reduced insulin sensitivity, on view of this fact, ‎‎metformin as an insulin sensitizing agent was used in ‎trials as an adjuvant medication to the insulin. AimsCurrent study aimed to summarize the benefit of adjuvant metformin on HA1C in type 1 diabetes on glycaemic control.Methods A systematic electronic search was conducted including ‎the Pub Med, Google ‎Scholar, and EBSCO using the ‎‎following terms in different combinations: metformin, diabetes, ‎HA1c, and C- peptide. Out of two hundred and four articles, only ‎six were included.Results Six randomized control trials were identified, aimed to investigate the role of adjuvant metformin on glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes patients. Metformin in dose ranging between 1–2g per day were used for at least three months. Significant HA1c reduction was shown in two out of six trials.ConclusionAdministering adjunctive metformin therapy in type ‎‎1 ‎diabetic patients ‎associated with modest reduction in ‎HA1c, improve insulin resistance as indicated ‎by reduce ‎daily insulin ‎requirement.

Role of Interventional Radiology in Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt and effective management. Interventional radiology has emerged as a valuable tool in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, offering minimally invasive techniques that can rapidly control bleeding and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, including its various techniques and their efficacy. The review discusses the different interventional radiology procedures that can be used to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding. It also highlights the advantages of techniques used in evaluation and management, including their ability to localize and control bleeding, as well as their low complication rates and shorter recovery times compared to traditional surgical approaches. Furthermore, the review addresses the specific indications for interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as the role of interventional radiology in the setting of underlying conditions. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of interventional radiology in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, highlighting its effectiveness and potential benefits for patients. It also emphasizes the need for further research and collaboration between interventional radiologists and gastroenterologists to optimize the use of these techniques in clinical practice

Factors Associated with Nurses’ Intention to Leave in Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review

The nursing workforce represents a critical component of the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, which is facing significant challenges related to retention and job satisfaction. High turnover rates among nurses not only compromise patient care quality but also place additional strain on the healthcare system. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with nurses' intention to leave their positions in Saudi Arabia, providing insights into the underlying causes of nursing turnover and suggesting potential strategies for retention. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining peer-reviewed articles, official reports, and relevant studies up to December 2023. The review focused on empirical research that specifically addressed the factors influencing nurses' intention to leave, including work environment, job satisfaction, leadership styles, recognition, societal norms, workload, opportunities for growth, work-life balance, and technological advancements. Quality assessment was performed using established checklists to ensure the reliability and validity of included studies. In this review, 28 quantitative studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings revealed moderate levels of job satisfaction among nurses and a corresponding moderate intention to leave their current positions. Key factors influencing these outcomes included income level, nationality, work-life balance, and opportunities for professional development. Notably, a significant inverse relationship was observed between job satisfaction and the intention to leave, highlighting the importance of addressing these factors to enhance retention. Addressing nurses' intention to leave requires a multifaceted approach, focusing on improving work conditions, offering competitive rewards and recognition, fostering positive leadership and organizational culture, and providing opportunities for professional growth and work-life balance. Implementing targeted strategies that address these factors is essential for enhancing nurse retention, improving job satisfaction, and ensuring the provision of high-quality patient care in the healthcare sector of Saudi Arabia

AWARENESS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG ADULT AGE GROUP IN KSA

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are one of the most serious diseases in the world. Therefore, this study provides a fresh perspective on the prevalence of STIs among the elderly in KSA. Methods: The study employed a descriptive design that asserts on offering light into the situation at hand and examining the variables under consideration. The design described the awareness levels of adults on STIs and the levels of vulnerability. Hence, a cross sectional study approach was chosen for the main purpose of bringing forth information at a point in time on the prevalence of STIs among older adults in KSA. The current study looked at collecting data for the recent patients treated across 10 hospitals in KSA. Results: study included 455 participants. The highest mean score was for community stigma prevent patients from opening upon STI concerns (Mean= 3.64) in which most participants agreed on that (n= 332). While a majority of the patients have preference for specific doctors for STI treatment in the second place with a mean of (3.41) (n= 309). On the other hand, the lowest mean score was for it is common for patients to ask for STI preventive information while visiting health care facilities (Mean= 2.49) (n= 225). Scale items showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.880). Moreover, scale reliability would increase to (0.886) if the last item were deleted. Conclusion: Study results showed that participants agreed that community stigma prevent patients from opening upon their STI concerns. In addition, they agreed that majority of patients prefer specific doctors to seek treatment. On the other hand, participants disagreed that STI patient would attend treatment with the partner. Moreover, participants strongly disagreed with population would ask about STI preventive information while visiting health care facilitie