47 research outputs found

    Bioethical Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Did Healthcare Ethics Committees and Institutions State in Spain?.

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    Objectives: Each new wave of the COVID-19 pandemic invites the possible obligation to prioritize individuals’ access to vital resources, and thereby leads to unresolved and important bioethical concerns. Governments have to make decisions to protect access to the health system with equity. The prioritization criteria during a pandemic are both a clinical and legal-administrative decision with ethical repercussion.We aim to analyse the prioritization protocols used in Spain during the pandemic which, in many cases, have not been updated. Method: We carried out a narrative review of 27 protocols of prioritization proposed by healthcare ethics committees, scientific societies and institutions in Spain for this study. The review evaluated shared aspects and unique differences and proffered a bioethical reflection. Results: The research questions explored patient prioritization, the criteria applied and the relative weight assigned to each criterion. There was a need to use several indicators, being morbidity and mortality scales the most commonly used, followed by facets pertaining to disease severity and functional status. Although age was initially considered in some protocols, it cannot be the sole criterion used when assigning care resources. Conclusions: In COVID-19 pandemic there is a need for a unified set of criteria that guarantees equity and transparency in decision-making processes. Establishing treatment indications is not the aim of such criteria, but instead prioritizing access to care resources. In protocols of prioritization, the principle of efficiency must vary according to the principle of equity and the criteria used to guarantee such equity.post-print204 K

    γδ T lymphocytes in the diagnosis of human T cell receptor immunodeficiencies

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    Supported by grants from MINECO (SAF 2011-24235, BES-2012-055054, SAF2014- 54708-R, and SAF2014-53563-REDT) CAM (S2010/BMD-2316) ISCIII (RD08- 0075-0002 and PI12/02761)Peer Reviewe

    Desarrollo de estrategias discursivas de posicionamiento en los trabajos científicos universitarios (TFGs, TFMs, TDs, y AC): Análisis de los géneros discursivos, propuestas para la formación y elaboración de píldoras educativas

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    El presente proyecto reúne a docentes e investigadoras de dos grupos de investigación UCM consolidados del Departamento de Estudios Ingleses, “Discurso y comunicación en lengua inglesa: estudios de lingüística cognitiva y funcional” (DISCOM-COGFUNC) (930160) y “Lingüística funcional (ingles-español) y sus aplicaciones (FUNCAP)”, que imparten asignaturas afines. Todas las integrantes del equipo han formado parte al menos de uno de los dos proyectos de innovación previos, Innova-2015-188 e Innova-2016-123, sobre Objetos de Aprendizaje Reutilizable (OARs), como son las píldoras educativas, dando así muestra de una continuidad del trabajo en la innovación educativa en el campo de la docencia de lengua y lingüística inglesas. Los objetivos generales propuestos en la solicitud del proyecto han sido la formación de estudiantes y profesores en el uso y desarrollo de estrategias discursivas de posicionamiento en: (a) los trabajos científicos universitarios (TFGs, TFMs, TDs), y (b) los artículos de investigación de los docentes. Se trataba de llevar a cabo el análisis de estos géneros discursivos, realizar propuestas para la formación en el uso de estrategias discursivas, y elaborar materiales y píldoras educativas adecuadas a cada contexto de aprendizaje

    La gamificación del aula universitaria: jugar para aprender

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    Esta memoria resume los objetivos y resultados del proyecto de innovación docente nº 57, de título "La gamificación del aula universitaria: jugar para aprender". La gamificación es una técnica didáctica por medio de la cual se introducen elementos propios del juego en contextos que, en principio, no se conciben como juegos. Más concretamente, el proyecto se ha centrado en la implementación de las herramientas Edpuzzle, Kahoot, Mentimeter, Padlet, Quizlet y Socrative. Los resultados demuestran que estas herramientas contribuyen a mejorar no sólo el interés y motivación de los alumnos sino también su trabajo colaborativo y adquisión de contenidos

    Prognostic value of bioelectrical impedance analysis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a VALOR® study

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    IntroductionBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) serves as a method to estimate body composition. Parameters such as phase angle (PA), standardized phase angle (SPA), body mass cell (BCM), BCM index (BCMI), and fat-free mass (FFM) might significantly impact the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The present study aimed to investigate whether bioelectrical parameters can be used to predict survival in the HNC population and establish the optimal cutoff points for predictive accuracy.MethodsA multicenter observational study was performed across 12 tertiary hospitals in Andalusia (a region from the south of Spain). A total of 494 patients diagnosed with HNC between 2020 and 2022 at different stages were included in this study, with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. The BIA assessment was carried out during the first 2 weeks of radical radiotherapy treatment with chemotherapy or other systemic treatments. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of overall survival, complications, hospital admission, and palliative care and its relationship with BIA nutritional assessment was performed.ResultsSignificant prognostic factors identified in the multivariable analysis encompassed phase angle (PA), standardized phase angle (SPA), body cell mass (BCM), and BCM index (BCMI). Lower PA and BCM values were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. A BCM threshold above 17 kg/m2 was the most significant predictor for predicting survival within the overall HNC population. The PA values of <5.1° in male and <4.8° in female patients showed the best predictive potential for mortality. Increased PA (as a continuous variable) demonstrated a significantly reduced risk for mortality (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43–0.94; p < 0.05) and a decreased likelihood of hospital admission (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.52–1.07; p < 0.05). Higher BCM correlated with a lower risk of mortality (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.96; p < 0.01) and a diminished probability of hospital admission (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–0.99; p < 0.05).ConclusionBIA is a crucial tool in the nutritional assessment of HNC patients. BCM and PA are the main bioelectrical parameters used to predict clinical outcomes in this population. Future studies are needed to validate BIA variables in a large cohort to ensure whether early intensification of nutritional treatment would improve survival

    Vaccinia Virus Strain MVA Expressing a Prefusion-Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Induces Robust Protection and Prevents Brain Infection in Mouse and Hamster Models

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    24 Pág.The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of swift responses and the necessity of dependable technologies for vaccine development. Our team previously developed a fast cloning system for the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine platform. In this study, we reported on the construction and preclinical testing of a recombinant MVA vaccine obtained using this system. We obtained recombinant MVA expressing the unmodified full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein containing the D614G amino-acid substitution (MVA-Sdg) and a version expressing a modified S protein containing amino-acid substitutions designed to stabilize the protein a in a pre-fusion conformation (MVA-Spf). S protein expressed by MVA-Sdg was found to be expressed and was correctly processed and transported to the cell surface, where it efficiently produced cell-cell fusion. Version Spf, however, was not proteolytically processed, and despite being transported to the plasma membrane, it failed to induce cell-cell fusion. We assessed both vaccine candidates in prime-boost regimens in the susceptible transgenic K18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (K18-hACE2) in mice and in golden Syrian hamsters. Robust immunity and protection from disease was induced with either vaccine in both animal models. Remarkably, the MVA-Spf vaccine candidate produced higher levels of antibodies, a stronger T cell response, and a higher degree of protection from challenge. In addition, the level of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain of MVA-Spf inoculated mice was decreased to undetectable levels. Those results add to our current experience and range of vaccine vectors and technologies for developing a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine.This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo COVID-19 de proyectos de investigación sobre SARS-CoV-2 y la enfermedad COVID-19 grant COV20/00901, and grant PID2021-128466OR-I00 funded by funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 as part of Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación. This research work was also funded by the European Commission—NextGenerationEU, through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). All experiments using bioluminescent imaging approach were supported by NIH grant to WM. Research on SARS-CoV-2 in L.M-S laboratory was partially supported by the San Antonio Partnership for Precision Therapeutics, the San Antonio Medical Foundation, and the Texas Biomedical Research Institute Forum Foundation.Peer reviewe

    Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

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    [Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

    An electronic version of the Businesses Balanced Scorecard (BBS)

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    El mundo de la empresa vive en constante adaptación al cambio. Antes de los años 80, la mayoría de las empresas se desenvolvían en un entorno estable caracterizado por:-Productos con un ciclo vital largo-Gran importancia de la mano de obra y gastos de fabricación-Baja competitividad-Estructuras organizativas centralizadas y jerarquizadasPero las empresas, debido a la globalización, el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, al ingreso al mercado de nuevas empresas, mayorpresión competitiva, diversificación del consumidor, entre otros muchos aspectos, han sufrido tres grandes modificaciones con implicaciones en los sistemas de control:-Productos con un ciclo de vida más corto-Mayor importancia de los costes indirectos sobre los directos-Nuevos factores críticos de éxito: satisfacción del cliente, calidad, flexibilidad tienen ahora más importancia que los costesLos datos financieros y económicos han sido el eje central en la toma de decisiones, pero, esta evolución de las empresas da mayor importancia a los activos intangibles, llevando a plantearse si es suficiente llevar a cabo el control de gestión solamente con datos financieros y contables, o es necesario incluir nuevos aspectos, que, por su carácter intangible, son difíciles de medir y, por tanto, es difícil incluirlos en el balance. Robert Kaplan y David Norton, plantean el cuadro de mando integral (CMI) como un sistema de gestión, que va más allá de la perspectiva financiera (Sharma, 2009). Es un método para medir las actividades de una compañía en términos de su visión y estrategia, proporcionando una mirada global del desempeño del negocio (Kaplan & Norton, 2007). Esta herramienta evalúa además de los aspectos financieros, otros aspectos tan sumamente importantes en las empresas hoy en día, como, por ejemplo, la relación con el cliente o las habilidades y motivaciones de los empleados, entre otros, clasificándolos en cuatro perspectivas (Hu, Wen, & Yan, 2015). Por otra parte, la toma de decisiones en base a los datos financieros y económicos limita nuestro margen de actuación, enfocándonos en datos provenientes de hechos pasados y no en cómo está siendo el desempeño actual y futuro que genera esos datos, para poder corregir posibles desviaciones que perjudiquen la visión global estratégica del negocio (Chavan, 2009).Es importante apuntar que, para la consecución de la estrategia corporativa, es necesario contar con herramientas que faciliten el análisis de la información y toma de decisiones. En este trabajo se ha desarrollado una herramienta en Microsoft Excel, con el objetivo de facilitar la implantación del CMI y posteriormente el análisis de los datos obtenidos.La implantación del CMI requiere una planificación previa que supone la determinación de la visión y misión de la empresa, sus puntos fuertes y débiles, y la fijación de una estrategia, como objetivo a largo plazo, que conduzca a la empresa a lograr la posición y resultados que desea. La herramienta nos ayudará a conectar estrategia y objetivosa corto plazoque emanan de esta, con los indicadores o iniciativas que se establezcan. Esto nos permite hacer que algunos factores a priori más abstractos, se controlen al igual que los aspectos financieros. Un sistema de gestiónrequiere un soporte que permita cuantificar los distintos aspectos que influyen en el desarrollo de la actividad empresarial. Con el CMI electrónico se dota deeste soporte a la empresa para que esta puedallevar este control, ya que podrá recopilar toda la información financiera y operativa y establecer indicadores que medirán el desarrollo del negocio. Esto permite que la empresa se de cuenta donde debe aplicar medidas correctoras o implantar acciones que promuevan el buen desarrollo del negocio y nos permitan lograr los objetivos deseadosFacultad de Ciencias de la EmpresaUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen
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