5 research outputs found

    Study of differential neurotoxicity caused by amyloid peptides associated to neurodegenerative diseases in Drosophila melanogaster

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    La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y las demencias familiares Británica (DFB) y Danesa (DFD) se caracterizan por la acumulación progresiva de péptidos amiloides yproteína tau hiperfosforilada en el cerebro. Nuestra hipótesis es que la toxicidad depéptidos amiloides depende de una vulnerabilidad neuronal intrínseca asociada alenvejecimiento. Para estudiar ello, generamos líneas de Drosophila melanogaster transgénicaspara los péptidos Aβ42 (EA), ABri (DFB), ADan (DFD) y Bri2-23, el producto salvaje delprecursor de ABri y ADan como control. Utilizando el sistema GAL4/UAS,demostramos que los niveles moderados de amiloides fueron suficientes paraprovocar toxicidad en el ojo y el sistema nervioso central (SNC) dependiente delenvejecimiento. Ensayos de morfometría, Western blots, análisis histoquímicos ycomportamentales mostraron que ADan fue más agresivo que ABri y Aβ42, en formaconcurrente con los fenotipos en humanos. Grupos neuronales específicos mostraronresistencia a la toxicidad (circuito “pdf”) y sólo algunos evidenciaron estrés de retículoendoplásmico a pesar de la sobre-expresión pan-neuronal de los amiloides. Estosresultados sustentan la hipótesis de vulnerabilidad neuronal selectiva. Finalmente, sedesarrolló un rastrillaje genético novedoso (utilizando un paradigma comportamentalasociado al SNC) cuyos resultados preliminares sugieren que genes moduladorespodrían participar en el proceso de neurotoxicidad de Aβ42.Alzheimer`s disease (AD) and Familiar British (FBD) and Danish (FDD)dementias are characterized by progressive accumulation of amyloid peptides andhyperphosphorilated tau in human brains. We hypothesized that the amyloid peptidetoxicity is due to neuronal vulnerability associated with aging. To study this, we generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines carrying Aβ42 (AD), ABri (FBD), ADan (FDD) and Bri2-23, the wild type product of the precursorprotein of ABri and ADan, as an experimental control. By using the GAL4/UAS binarysystem, we demonstrated that moderate levels of amyloids were sufficient to produceeye and neuronal toxicity, progressive with age. Morphometric assay, Western blots,histochemical and behavioral analysis showed that ADan was more aggressive than ABri and Aβ42, as it happens in humans. Specific neuronal groups were resistant toamyloid toxicity (“pdf circuit”) and some showed activation of endosplasmic reticulumstress response, even though the pan-neuronal amyloid expression. These resultssupport the hypothesis of selective neuronal vulnerability. Finally, we carried out anovel genetic screening (using behavior associated to the central nervous system) andthe preliminary results suggest that modulator genes could be participating in Aβ42neurotoxicityFil: Marcora, María Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

    Iron metabolism in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes: friend or foe?

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    Recent reports show that astrocytes (AST) are able to create a permissive environment for remyelination through their action on oligodendrocyte (OLG) precursor migration, proliferation, and differentiation. When disrupted, iron homeostasis negatively impacts OLG differentiation and impairs myelination. We demonstrate that iron deficiency (ID) affects not only OLG maturation but also AST. Using gestational iron deprivation, we studied OLG requirements for their progression to a mature myelinating state and energy metabolism in primary cultures of OLG and AST from newly born control and ID pups. In particular, oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Both ID AST and OLG exhibited decreased spare respiratory capacity, which indicates that maternal ID effectively induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Absence of glycogen granules was observed in ID AST and an increase in ROS production was detected in ID OLG. Mitochondrial fission was increased in ID AST, while fusion was prevalent in ID OLG. Electron microscopy also showed abnormal cristae in ID mitochondria in OLG as well as in AST. These findings further prove that the regulation of cell metabolism may impact cell fate decisions and maturation. An additional model of ID was developed by knocking down the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), a multi-metal transporter with a primary role in iron transport and present in AST and OLG. OLG maturation was compromised in primary OPC cultures treated with conditioned medium from DMT1-silenced AST, which suggests that molecules secreted by AST may be affected.Fil: Pasquini, Juana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosato Siri, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martino Adami, Pamela Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Guitart, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marcora, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Morelli, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Correale, Jorge. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaLXVI Reunión anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica; LXIX Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Inmunología; LIII Reunión Anual de la Asociación Argentina de Farmacología Experimental y XI Reunión Anual de la Asociación Argentina de NanomedicinasArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Investigación ClínicaSociedad Argentina de InmunologíaAsociación Argentina de Farmacología ExperimentalAsociación Argentina de Nanomedicina

    Study of differential neurotoxicity caused by amyloid peptides associated to neurodegenerative diseases in Drosophila melanogaster

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    La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y las demencias familiares Británica (DFB) y Danesa (DFD) se caracterizan por la acumulación progresiva de péptidos amiloides yproteína tau hiperfosforilada en el cerebro. Nuestra hipótesis es que la toxicidad depéptidos amiloides depende de una vulnerabilidad neuronal intrínseca asociada alenvejecimiento. Para estudiar ello, generamos líneas de Drosophila melanogaster transgénicaspara los péptidos Aβ42 (EA), ABri (DFB), ADan (DFD) y Bri2-23, el producto salvaje delprecursor de ABri y ADan como control. Utilizando el sistema GAL4/UAS,demostramos que los niveles moderados de amiloides fueron suficientes paraprovocar toxicidad en el ojo y el sistema nervioso central (SNC) dependiente delenvejecimiento. Ensayos de morfometría, Western blots, análisis histoquímicos ycomportamentales mostraron que ADan fue más agresivo que ABri y Aβ42, en formaconcurrente con los fenotipos en humanos. Grupos neuronales específicos mostraronresistencia a la toxicidad (circuito “pdf”) y sólo algunos evidenciaron estrés de retículoendoplásmico a pesar de la sobre-expresión pan-neuronal de los amiloides. Estosresultados sustentan la hipótesis de vulnerabilidad neuronal selectiva. Finalmente, sedesarrolló un rastrillaje genético novedoso (utilizando un paradigma comportamentalasociado al SNC) cuyos resultados preliminares sugieren que genes moduladorespodrían participar en el proceso de neurotoxicidad de Aβ42.Alzheimer`s disease (AD) and Familiar British (FBD) and Danish (FDD)dementias are characterized by progressive accumulation of amyloid peptides andhyperphosphorilated tau in human brains. We hypothesized that the amyloid peptidetoxicity is due to neuronal vulnerability associated with aging. To study this, we generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines carrying Aβ42 (AD), ABri (FBD), ADan (FDD) and Bri2-23, the wild type product of the precursorprotein of ABri and ADan, as an experimental control. By using the GAL4/UAS binarysystem, we demonstrated that moderate levels of amyloids were sufficient to produceeye and neuronal toxicity, progressive with age. Morphometric assay, Western blots,histochemical and behavioral analysis showed that ADan was more aggressive than ABri and Aβ42, as it happens in humans. Specific neuronal groups were resistant toamyloid toxicity (“pdf circuit”) and some showed activation of endosplasmic reticulumstress response, even though the pan-neuronal amyloid expression. These resultssupport the hypothesis of selective neuronal vulnerability. Finally, we carried out anovel genetic screening (using behavior associated to the central nervous system) andthe preliminary results suggest that modulator genes could be participating in Aβ42neurotoxicityFil: Marcora, María Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

    2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (Cladribine) preferentially inhibits the biological activity of microglial cells

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    Cladribine (2CdA) is a synthetic chlorinated purine nucleoside analogue which acts as a pro-drug requiring intracellular phosphorylation to be activated. It is biologically active in selected cell types, which results in a reduction of circulating T and B lymphocytes implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. In addition, 2CdA shows good central nervous system (CNS) penetration and can therefore exert its action on microglia and astrocytes. Therefore, we studied the effects of 2CdA on microglial cells and astrocytes, both emerging as potential targets for MS therapy. Other than its effects on the peripheral immune system, 2CdA induced the apoptosis of microglial cells, inhibited their proliferation and reduced the production of cytokines, particularly pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. These represent additional mechanisms of 2CdA that may contribute to limiting inflammatory pathways. By contrast, astrocytes showed resistance to the action of 2CdA, which may be explained by differences in its intracellular phosphorylation. Insights into the mechanism of action of and resistance to 2CdA in CNS-resident cells may prove crucial for its optimal use.Fil: Aybar, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Julia Perez, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Silvina Marcora, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Samman, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marrodan, Mariano. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: María Pasquini, Juana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Correale, Jorge. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentin

    Downregulation of Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase driven by tyrosine hydroxylase-Gal4 reduces Drosophila lifespan independently of effects in neurons

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    In Drosophila melanogaster, several Gal4 drivers are used to direct gene/RNAi expression to different dopaminergic neuronal clusters. We previously developed a fly model of Parkinson’s disease, in which dopaminergic neurons had elevated cytosolic Ca2+ due to the expression of a Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) RNAi under the thyroxine hydroxylase (TH)-Gal4 driver. Surprisingly, TH-Gal4>PMCARNAi flies died earlier compared to controls and showed swelling in the abdominal area. Flies expressing the PMCARNAi under other TH drivers also showed such swelling and shorter lifespan. Considering that TH-Gal4 is also expressed in the gut, we proposed to suppress the expression specifically in the nervous system, while maintaining the activation in the gut. Therefore, we expressed Gal80 under the direction of the panneuronal synaptobrevin (nSyb) promoter in the context of TH-Gal4. nSyb-Gal80; TH-Gal4>PMCARNAi flies showed the same reduction of survival as TH-Gal4>PMCARNAi flies, meaning that the phenotype of abdomen swelling and reduced survival could be due to the expression of the PMCARNAi in the gut. In perimortem stages TH-Gal4>PMCARNAi guts had alteration in the proventriculi and crops. The proventriculi appeared to lose cells and collapse on itself, and the crop increased its size several times with the appearance of cellular accumulations at its entrance. No altered expression or phenotype was observed in flies expressing PMCARNAi in the dopaminergic PAM cluster (PAM-Gal4>PMCARNAi). In this work we show the importance of checking the global expression of each promoter and the relevance of the inhibition of PMCA expression in the gut
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