No. 07: The Urban Food System of Mexico City, Mexico

This report provides an overview of Greater Mexico City and its food system. The city’s history, demographic characteristics, geography and economy are first discussed. The city’s urban food system and urban food security are then examined with a particular focus on formal and informal food retail, food expenditure patterns, and policies to combat hunger and food insecurity. Meeting the daily food demands of Mexico City’s over 20 million inhabitants requires the agricultural production of Mexico’s rural areas, its fishing industry and food imports. Food products arrive in the city from around the country in a combination of traditional and highly sophisticated modern systems of food supply and distribution. Structural changes in recent decades have led to modifications in the systems of supply, distribution and food consumption with vertically integrated companies now controlling aspects of the food chain. The system of supply and marketing of food products is also characterized by competition between public markets, large wholesale and retail companies, and neighbourhood convenience stores. While levels of household food insecurity (undernutrition) are lower than in other global cities of the South, Mexico City faces an epidemic of overnutrition, obesity and non-communicable diseases

El diseño : su historia y sus fuentes

1 archivo PDF (200 páginas)En este libro se pretende generar conocimiento a través de las fuentes para el estudio de la historia del diseño. A lo largo de sus apartados, el texto nos da una visión de la historia del diseño desde distintas perspectivas

Mortalidad de cáncer gástrico en México 2005-2015: perfil epidemiológico

Objective: To characterize the behavior of gastric cancer, by educational level, area of residence (rural/urban), age group and mortality in the Mexican population that attended the IMSS from 2005 to 2015. Material and methods: by means of registration of Family Medical Units and data platform Non-Communicable Disease Analysis System (SANENT) we analyzed the patients with registry according to ICD-10: C16; The general characteristics of the population (sex, schooling and type of housing), the incidence and mortality in the years included were described. Statistical analysis: We calculated the average and standard deviation of quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative variables. To compare the incidence and mortality rates between the years analyzed, and the characteristics of the population was by Chi square test. SPSS v.17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the period from 2005 to 2015, which equals 10 years, a total of 21,761 deaths secondary to gastric cancer with an average death rate of 8.1 × 100,000 members of the IMSS. The overall mortality rate of gastric cancer has declined steadily (year 2005: rate 8.08 × 100,000 vs. 2015: rate of 6.9 × 100,000 p<0.001). This decline has been at the expense of the decline in the mortality rate in women, while in men the mortality rate remained high from 2005 to 2015 (8.2 and 8.5 × 100,000 affiliated to the IMSS, respectively). With regard to educational level,and rural or urban housing, it was consistently demonstrated in 2005, 2010 and 2015 that there was a greater proportion of deceased subjects with a low school level and living in an urban environment. Conclusions: A decline in the overall mortality rate was observed, men were the sex most affected in the mortality rate, and did not change over time. It is essential to continue and implement national programs for the timely detection of this disease, with a greater focus on males because they are the most affected and have an impact on the mortality rate.Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento del cáncer gástrico, por nivel educacional, área de residencia (rural/urbana), grupo de edad y la mortalidad en la población mexicana que asistió al IMSS del 2005 al 2015. Material y métodos: mediante la plataforma de datos Sistema de Análisis de Enfermedades no transmisibles (SANENT 03-2017-013112122900-01) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, se analizaron los registros de derechohabientes, de acuerdo a la CIE-10: C16; las variables descritas son: sexo, escolaridad y tipo de vivienda, así como la incidencia y mortalidad. Análisis estadístico: Se calculó la media y la desviación estándar de las variables cuantitativas y proporciones para variables cualitativas. Para comparar las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad entre los años analizados, y las características de la población mediante la prueba Chi cuadrada. SPSS v.17.0. Resultados: En el periodo del 2005 al 2015 (10 años), se registró un total de 21,761 defunciones secundarias a cáncer gástrico con una tasa de mortalidad en promedio de 8.1 × 100,000 afiliados al IMSS. La tasa mortalidad global del cáncer gástrico ha presentado un descenso paulatino (año 2005: tasa 8.08 × 100,000 vs. 2015: tasa de 6.9 × 100,000 p<0.001). Este descenso ha sido a expensas de la disminución en la tasa de mortalidad en mujeres, mientras que en los varones la tasa de mortalidad de mantuvo del 2005 al 2015 (8.2 y 8.5 × 100,000 afiliados al IMSS, respectivamente). Con respecto al nivel educativo, y vivienda rural o urbana, se demostró consistentemente en el año 2005, 2010 y 2015 que hubo una mayor proporción de sujetos fallecidos con un bajo nivel escolar, pertenecientes al ambiente urbano. Conclusiones: Se observó un descenso en la tasa de mortalidad global, los hombres, tuvieron mayor mortalidad, no modificándose con el tiempo. Es indispensable implementar programas en México para la detección oportuna de esta enfermedad

No. 07: The Urban Food System of Mexico City, Mexico

This report provides an overview of Greater Mexico City and its food system. The city’s history, demographic characteristics, geography and economy are first discussed. The city’s urban food system and urban food security are then examined with a particular focus on formal and informal food retail, food expenditure patterns, and policies to combat hunger and food insecurity. Meeting the daily food demands of Mexico City’s over 20 million inhabitants requires the agricultural production of Mexico’s rural areas, its fishing industry and food imports. Food products arrive in the city from around the country in a combination of traditional and highly sophisticated modern systems of food supply and distribution. Structural changes in recent decades have led to modifications in the systems of supply, distribution and food consumption with vertically integrated companies now controlling aspects of the food chain. The system of supply and marketing of food products is also characterized by competition between public markets, large wholesale and retail companies, and neighbourhood convenience stores. While levels of household food insecurity (undernutrition) are lower than in other global cities of the South, Mexico City faces an epidemic of overnutrition, obesity and non-communicable diseases

Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR8 with the Clinical Forms of Dengue in Patients from Veracruz, Mexico

Dengue manifestations range from a mild form, dengue fever (DF), to more severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The ability of the host to present one of these clinical forms could be related to polymorphisms located in genes of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which activate the pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, the genotyping of single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR3 (rs3775291 and rs6552950), TLR4 (rs2737190, rs10759932, rs4986790, rs4986791, rs11536865, and rs10983755), TLR7 (rs179008 and rs3853839), and TLR8 (rs3764880, rs5741883, rs4830805, and rs1548731) was carried out in non-genetically related DHF patients, DF patients, and general population (GP) subjects. The SNPs were analyzed by real-time PCR by genotyping assays from Applied Biosystems&reg;. The codominance model showed that dengue patients had a lower probability of presenting the TLR4-rs2737190-G/G genotype (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 0.34 (0.14&ndash;0.8), p = 0.038). Dengue patients showed a lower probability of presenting TLR4-rs11536865-G/C genotype (OR (95% CI) = 0.19 (0.05&ndash;0.73), p = 0.0092) and had a high probability of presenting the TACG haplotype, but lower probability of presenting the TGCG haplotype in the TLR4 compared to GP individuals (OR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.35&ndash;0.86), p = 0.0084). In conclusion, the TLR4-rs2737190-G/G and TLR4-rs11536865-G/C genotypes and TGCG haplotype were associated with protection from dengue

Plan para la promoción y mejora de la convivencia escolar a través de la mediación escolar

El trabajo obtuvo el Segundo Premio de la Modalidad A de los 'Premios Tomás García Verdejo' a las buenas prácticas educativas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura para el curso académico 2013/2014Se describe el Plan para la promoción y la mejora de la convivencia escolar a través de la mediación escolar llevado a cabo en el CEIP Antonio Machado (Almendralejo, Badajoz), que tiene como objetivos mejorar el clima de convivencia en el Centro y favorecer una mayor implicación de las familias y la sociedad en su conjunto y la adopción de medidas encaminadas a potenciar la educación en valores, las habilidades sociales y la regulación de la convivencia. Entre las actividades que se realizaron se encuentran: un taller de entrenamiento en habilidades para la resolución de conflictos y la escuela de familiasExtremaduraES

Clinical characterization of data-driven diabetes subgroups in Mexicans using a reproducible machine learning approach

Introduction Previous reports in European populations demonstrated the existence of five data-driven adult-onset diabetes subgroups. Here, we use self-normalizing neural networks (SNNN) to improve reproducibility of these data-driven diabetes subgroups in Mexican cohorts to extend its application to more diverse settings.Research design and methods We trained SNNN and compared it with k-means clustering to classify diabetes subgroups in a multiethnic and representative population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets with all available measures (training sample: NHANES-III, n=1132; validation sample: NHANES 1999–2006, n=626). SNNN models were then applied to four Mexican cohorts (SIGMA-UIEM, n=1521; Metabolic Syndrome cohort, n=6144; ENSANUT 2016, n=614 and CAIPaDi, n=1608) to characterize diabetes subgroups in Mexicans according to treatment response, risk for chronic complications and risk factors for the incidence of each subgroup.Results SNNN yielded four reproducible clinical profiles (obesity related, insulin deficient, insulin resistant, age related) in NHANES and Mexican cohorts even without C-peptide measurements. We observed in a population-based survey a high prevalence of the insulin-deficient form (41.25%, 95% CI 41.02% to 41.48%), followed by obesity-related (33.60%, 95% CI 33.40% to 33.79%), age-related (14.72%, 95% CI 14.63% to 14.82%) and severe insulin-resistant groups. A significant association was found between the SLC16A11 diabetes risk variant and the obesity-related subgroup (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.83, p=0.008). Among incident cases, we observed a greater incidence of mild obesity-related diabetes (n=149, 45.0%). In a diabetes outpatient clinic cohort, we observed increased 1-year risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.51) and 2-year risk (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.31) for incident retinopathy in the insulin-deficient group and decreased 2-year diabetic retinopathy risk for the obesity-related subgroup (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.89).Conclusions Diabetes subgroup phenotypes are reproducible using SNNN; our algorithm is available as web-based tool. Application of these models allowed for better characterization of diabetes subgroups and risk factors in Mexicans that could have clinical applications

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante