Results of the generalised linear models (negative binomial error distribution and logarithmic link function) used to predict red deer, fallow deer and cattle abundance on a spatial scale in Doñana National Park.

<p>Coefficients are shown for the most parsimonious models according to AIC. Measures for model support and statistical parameters (test and p-values) for the variables selected in the final models can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115608#pone.0115608.s003" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>. Variable codes are described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115608#pone-0115608-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p>1<p>LT1 and LT4 were corrected by detection coefficients, 0.538 and 0.359, respectively. ²Reference value of the parameter estimator was 0 for “cattle management area 1 (MA1)”. MA from 2 to 5 codify for the location of each sampling unit in each management area (1 when present and 0 when absence).</p><p>Results of the generalised linear models (negative binomial error distribution and logarithmic link function) used to predict red deer, fallow deer and cattle abundance on a spatial scale in Doñana National Park.</p

Results of the best-fitting (i.e. the lowest DIC value) Bayesian multivariable logistic regression model used to determine the most relevant factors explaining species positivity as regards tuberculosis.

<p>Explanatory categorical variable was the TB-tested species: fallow deer, red deer and wild boar. Quantitative variables were water point density (WDN) and predicted species abundance (PRD in red deer and PCT in cattle) obtained from the models summarised in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115608#pone-0115608-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115608#pone-0115608-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>. Coefficients, standard deviations (SD) and 95% credible intervals (CI) are shown. Coefficients of species categories are relative to the fallow deer. Significant variables are marked with (*).</p><p>Results of the best-fitting (i.e. the lowest DIC value) Bayesian multivariable logistic regression model used to determine the most relevant factors explaining species positivity as regards tuberculosis.</p

Map of the study area, Doñana National Park in Southern Spain, obtained from [36].

<p>Six main habitats can be differentiated: dense shrubland (LT1), low-clear shrubland (LT2), herbaceous grassland (LT3), woodland (LT4), bare land (LT5), watercourse vegetation and water body (LT6). Locations of the necropsied wild ungulates and of the UAS tracks at the five cattle management areas are shown.</p

The Diamine Oxidase Gene Is Associated with Hypersensitivity Response to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

<div><p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs most frequently involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions. Histamine is released in the allergic response to NSAIDs and is responsible for some of the clinical symptoms. The aim of this study is to analyze clinical association of functional polymorphisms in the genes coding for enzymes involved in histamine homeostasis with hypersensitivity response to NSAIDs. We studied a cohort of 442 unrelated Caucasian patients with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Patients who experienced three or more episodes with two or more different NSAIDs were included. If this requirement was not met diagnosis was established by challenge. A total of 414 healthy unrelated controls ethnically matched with patients and from the same geographic area were recruited. Analyses of the SNPs rs17740607, rs2073440, rs1801105, rs2052129, rs10156191, rs1049742 and rs1049793 in the <em>HDC</em>, <em>HNMT</em> and <em>DAO</em> genes were carried out by means of TaqMan assays. The detrimental DAO 16 Met allele (rs10156191), which causes decreased metabolic capacity, is overrepresented among patients with crossed-hypersensitivity to NSAIDs with an OR  = 1.7 (95% CI  = 1.3–2.1; Pc  = 0.0003) with a gene-dose effect (P = 0.0001). The association was replicated in two populations from different geographic areas (Pc  = 0.008 and Pc  = 0.004, respectively).</p> <h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><p>The <em>DAO</em> polymorphism rs10156191 which causes impaired metabolism of circulating histamine is associated with the clinical response in crossed-hypersensitivity to NSAIDs and could be used as a biomarker of response.</p> </div

Clinical characteristics of the study subjects.

<p>Many patients reacted to two or more drugs.</p

<i>DAO</i> Thr16Met genotypes according to clinical presentation.

<p>Twelve patients had other symptoms (See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047571#pone-0047571-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>).</p

<i>DAO rs10156191</i> plus <i>rs1049793</i> haplotypes in the two study subgroups.

<p>N: non-carrier of the risk haplotype; C: Carrier of the risk haplotype.</p

<i>HDC</i> genotypes in the study group.

<p><i>HDC</i> genotypes in the study group.</p

Genotypes of genes coding for the histamine-metabolising enzymes HNMT and DAO in the study group.

<p>Genotypes of genes coding for the histamine-metabolising enzymes HNMT and DAO in the study group.</p

<i>DAO rs10156191</i> genotypes in the two study subgroups.

<p><i>DAO rs10156191</i> genotypes in the two study subgroups.</p