Ulceras post anestésicas en niños: Dos casos clínicos.

The following article describes two clinical cases of post-anesthesia traumatic ulcers in children, after dental treatment, in which infiltration of local anesthesia was used as part of the therapeutic treatment for the loss of sensitivity of the sector to be treated. The effects of the anesthetic continued at the end of the treatment, which stimulated curiosity in children to suck or bite the soft tissue due to lack of sensitivity, this caused serious lesions in the oral mucosa. The importance of these post-anesthetic injuries lies in prevention, that is, the professional who attends pediatric patients, must prevent and avoid these serious injuries self-inflicted by the child, giving the recommendations verbally and in writing to the parents.El siguiente articulo describe dos casos clínicos de ulceras traumáticas pos-anestesia en niños, luego de un tratamiento odontológico, en el cual se utilizó la infiltración de anestesia local, como parte del tratamiento terapéutico para la perdida de la sensibilidad del sector a tratar. Los efectos del anestésico continuaron al terminar el tratamiento, lo que estimuló por la falta de sensibilidad la curiosidad en los niños que se succionen o se muerdan el tejido blando, esto provocó lesiones graves en la mucosa oral. La importancia de estas lesiones pos-anestésicas radica en la prevención, es decir que el profesional que atienda pacientes pediátricos, debe prevenir y evitar estas lesiones graves autoinflingidas por el niño, dándole las recomendaciones verbalmente y por escrito a los padres

Parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and male genital malformations: A study in the danish national birth cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sex hormones closely regulate development of the male genital organs during fetal life. The hypothesis that xenobiotics may disrupt endogenous hormonal signalling has received considerable scientific attention, but human evidence is scarce.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>We analyse occurrence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism according to maternal and paternal occupational exposure to possible endocrine disrupting chemicals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a follow-up study of 45,341 male singleton deliveries in the Danish National Birth Cohort during 1997-2009. Information on work during pregnancy was obtained by telephone interviews around gestational week 16. Parents' job titles were classified according to DISCO-88. A job exposure matrix for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was implemented to assess occupational exposures. The Medical Birth and National Hospital Register provided data on congenital anomalies diagnosed at birth or during follow-up, which ended in 2009. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were obtained from Cox regression models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among all pregnancies, 6.3% were classified as possibly or probably exposed to EDCs. The most prevalent occupations conferring possible exposure were cleaners, laboratory technicians, hairdressers and agricultural workers (58% of all potentially exposed). The final cumulative incidence of cryptorchidism in boys was 2.2% (1002 cases), and of hypospadias 0.6% (262 cases). The occurrence of hypospadias increased when mothers were probably [HRa = 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-2.6)] or possibly exposed to one or more EDCs [HRa = 2.6 (95% CI 1.8-3.4). Possible paternal exposure to heavy metals increased the risk of hypospadias [HRa 2.2 (95% CI: 1.0-3.4)] and cryptorchidism [HRa 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-2.7)]. None of the exposure groups reached statistical significance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study provides some but limited evidence that occupational exposure to possible endocrine disrupting chemicals during pregnancy increases the risk of hypospadias.</p