Buy High Sell Low: Redefining Bean Counting in the Coffee Industry for a Sustainable Future

Charles Manz returns to the JVBL providing ‒ together with several fellow researchers/writers ‒ a case study of a socially responsible business within the coffee industry. Familiar CSR concepts are examined such as Fair Trade and sustainability which foster parity in dealing with buyers while maintaining product quality and reasonable income. The practices of Dean’s Beans, a progressive coffee organization, are examined as a notable demonstration of how a business can fiscally succeed while maintaining a commitment to the triple-bottom-line considerations of people, planet, and profits

Series of experiments for empirical validation of solar gain modelling in building energy simulation codes - experimental setup, test cell characterization, specifications and uncertainty analysis

Empirical validation of building energy simulation codes is an important component in understanding the capacity and limitations of the software. Within the framework of Task 34/Annex 43 of the International Energy Agency (IEA), a series of experiments was performed in an outdoor test cell. The objective of these experiments was to provide a high-quality data set for code developers and modelers to validate their solar gain models for windows with and without shading devices. A description of the necessary specifications for modeling these experiments is provided in this paper, which includes information about the test site location, experimental setup, geometrical and thermophysical cell properties including estimated uncertainties. Computed overall thermal cell properties were confirmed by conducting a steady-state experiment without solar gains. A transient experiment, also without solar gains, and corresponding simulations from four different building energy simulation codes showed that the provided specifications result in accurate thermal cell modeling. A good foundation for the following experiments with solar gains was therefore accomplished

Magnetic Response of Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense

In this study we modelled and measured the U-turn trajectories of individual magnetotactic bacteria under the application of rotating magnetic fields, ranging in ampitude from 1 to 12 mT. The model is based on the balance between rotational drag and magnetic torque. For accurate verification of this model, bacteria were observed inside 5 m tall microfluidic channels, so that they remained in focus during the entire trajectory. From the analysis of hundreds of trajectories and accurate measurements of bacteria and magnetosome chain dimensions, we confirmed that the model is correct within measurement error. The resulting average rate of rotation of Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense is 0.74 +- 0.03 rad/mTs.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Baseball and Antitrust: The Legislative History of the Curt Flood Act of 1998

https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_books/1185/thumbnail.jp

Baseball and Antitrust: The Legislative History of the Curt Flood Act of 1998

https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_books/1185/thumbnail.jp

Effect of Rotations and Shape Resonances on Photoassociation and Photoacceleration by Ultrashort Infrared Laser Pulses

A quantum dynamical description of an atomic collision pair interacting with the electric field of a short infrared laser pulse is developed. Inelastic processes in the electronic ground state are due to stimulated emission resulting in photoassociation, or absorption leading to photoacceleration. A perturbative approach based on a state space representation is compared with a numerical treatment using a grid representation in coordinate space. Special emphasis is on the role of rotations and, in particular, of shape resonances. It is shown that these quasibound states which are supported by the centrifugal barrier (for J> 0) can be used as initial states to effectively populate a selected bound state with specific vibrational and rotational quantum number (photoassociation), or a partial wave of a scattering state with defined energy and rotational quantum number (photoacceleration). Simulations are carried out for the prototype H + Cl collision pair. Also the effect of averaging over initial conditions (velocity, angular momenta) is investigated for a supersonic beam experiment. For a narrow velocity distribution, we predict the presence of a resonance structure of the association and acceleration probability as a function of the mean collision energy

Quantum Dynamical Aspects of Rotationally and Vibrationally Mediated Photochemistry in Matrices and at Surfaces: HCl/DCl in Ar, and NH3/ND3 at Cu(111)

In this paper, we investigate two extensions of the concept of vibrationally mediated chemistry, from small molecules in the gas phase to small molecules in matrices and at surfaces. Exemplarily, we consider the systems HCl/DCl in Ar, and NH3/ND3 at Cu (111). The transition from isolated systems to the condensed phase calls for new quantum dynamical techniques, and it allows to predict new phenomena. For the case of matrix isolation, we propagate three-dimensional wavepackets representing photodissociated H- or D-atoms which penetrate from the initial cage into the lattice provided by the matrix. The cage exit probabilities are found to depend not only on the initial vibrational, but also on the rotational states, due to the environmental (Oh) symmetry provided by the (fcc) lattice of the matrix. As a consequence, we suggest the extension from vibrationally to rotationally, or rovibrationally mediated chemistry for matrix isolated molecules. For the case of molecules at surfaces, we adopt Gadzuk's jumping wavepacket plus incoherent averaging scheme, applied to an extended two-dimensional Antoniewicz-type model for the surface-molecule bond plus the vibrational coordinate which lends itself to preferential vibrational excitation, (here the umbrella mode of ammonia). The desorption depends selectively on the initial vibrational state. As a consequence, we suggest the extension of traditional desorption induced by electronic transitions DIET to a vibrationally mediated IR+UV DIET scheme which may be used e.g. for enrichment of specific isotopomers at surfaces