Regulation of PIN polarity in response to abiotic stress

Plants have evolved robust adaptive mechanisms to withstand the ever-changing environment. Tightly regulated distribution of the hormone auxin throughout the plant body controls an impressive variety of developmental processes that tailor plant growth and morphology to environmental conditions. The proper flow and directionality of auxin between cells is mainly governed by asymmetrically localized efflux carriers - PINs - ensuring proper coordination of developmental processes in plants. Discerning the molecular players and cellular dynamics involved in the establishment and maintenance of PINs in specific membrane domains, as well as their ability to readjust in response to abiotic stressors is essential for understanding how plants balance adaptability and stability. While much is known about how PINs get polarized, there is still limited knowledge about how abiotic stresses alter PIN polarity by acting on these systems. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of mechanisms involved in (re)establishing and maintaining PIN polarity under abiotic stresses

Hystera Ektomia: not always called for

Unsympathetic hysterectomies have seen a rising trend in India in the recent times, the unsuspecting folks being pushed into surgeries wrongly citing the austerity of the illness. We highlight a case of a 26 year old female patient with post-partum bleeding per vaginum for 6 months, who was initially treated conservatively at several hospitals. Later, histopathologically proven to be a case of Choriocarcinoma (WHO Stage I with FIGO prognostic score of 5), was hysterectomized hastily overlooking the reports and the patient discharged without further intervention. Few months later the patient presented with brain and lungs metastases. Had the patient been properly evaluated and treated appropriately initially, surgery was not indicated. Instead the patient was callously operated upon and histopathological report not followed which resulted in patient developing distant metastases (WHO Stage IV with FIGO prognostic score of 17). Unwarranted and unevaluated hysterectomies should be checked by appropriately evaluating the extent of the disease.

Spectrum of gynecological disorders in geriatric women: a tertiary care centre study

Background: Older women constitute the fastest growing segment of Indian population. Postmenopausal phase is important and primary care physicians should be aware of common gynaecologic concerns and the potential impact of these on the function and quality of life of older women.Methods: A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year on 100 postmenopausal women aged 65 years or above, who attended OPD or were hospitalised between November 2015 and October 2016.Results: Literacy rate was 30%. Study population was drawn equally from rural and urban population. Genital tract malignancy was the major gynecological disorder (32%), the commonest being the carcinoma cervix. Next in order was carcinoma ovary and carcinoma endometrium. This was followed by pelvic organ prolapse (26%) and urogenital infections (17%). POP was grade 3 in 85% patients.Conclusions: Pelvic organ prolapse, genital tract malignancies and urogenital infections were the major gynecological problems faced by older women. Moreover, postmenopausal bleeding was a possible underlying cause of malignancy, of which carcinoma cervix tops the list, emphasizing the need for a screening programme in Indian women. There is urgent need to develop dedicated geriatric units and to encourage women to receive routine gynecological check-ups in the early post menopausal period that will enable early diagnosis and treatment

Prescribing trends of proton pump inhibitors, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines of medicare part d providers

Background: Proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics are considered potentially inappropriate medications in older adults according to the American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria, and deprescribing algorithms have been developed to guide use of these drug classes. The objective of this study was to describe the number of beneficiaries prescribed these medications, provider specialty and regional trends in prescribing, and the aggregate costs for these claims in Medicare Part D. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using publicly available Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Part D Prescriber data for years 2013–2019. Descriptive statistics and the Cochrane-Armitage test were used to summarize the trends. Results: Overall, 30.1%, 25.6%, 4.6% of Medicare Part D beneficiaries had a proton pump inhibitor, benzodiazepine, and antipsychotic claim in 2013, respectively. These rates decreased to 27.5%, 17.5%, 4.1% in 2019 (p-value \u3c 0.0001). However, the number of standardized 30-day claims increased from 63 million in 2013 to 84 million in 2019 for proton pump inhibitors, remained steady for benzodiazepines and slightly increased (10 million to 13 million) for antipsychotics. Total aggregate costs decreased by almost $1.5 billion for proton pump inhibitor,$100 million for benzodiazepine, and $700 million for antipsychotic from 2013 to 2019 (p-value \u3c 0.0001). Almost 93% of gastroenterologists prescribed a proton pump inhibitor, and 60% of psychiatrists prescribed benzodiazepines and antipsychotics all seven years. The Other region had the highest percentage of providers prescribing all three classes and the highest number of standardized 30-day benzodiazepine claims. Conclusions: The overall rate of use of proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics decreased from 2013–2019 among Medicare Part D beneficiaries. Despite the increase in raw number of standardized 30-day claims, the costs decreased which is likely due to generics made available. These prescribing trends may aid in identifying and targeting potential deprescribing interventions

Automated Questions Unique Arrangement (A.Q.U.A)

With the world digitizing and moving at a fast pace, framing questions for examinations or learning is a time-consuming process and requires a lot of critical thinking. Questions we solve in the exams, for instance, school and college level examinations, are similar to the last year papers and contain repeated questions with little or no paraphrasing or modifications. Educators spend a significant amount of time in preparing question papers to come up with creative brainstorming questions. Automation has become a vital aspect of life. New technologies are coming up every day to minimize manual work and make everything automated with just a click. Considering the present pandemic scenario, education is now internet based and exams are being conducted online. Most of the examinations are based on multiple choice questions and these questions are, in most cases, taken from popular quizzing websites. This practice makes it easier for students to find the correct answer without even studying the subject and increases malpractices. We propose an automatic solution to the issue of making questions that will save time and energy and also promote proper learning with our model “A.Q.U.A – Automated Questions Unique Arrangement. It is a machine learning model that uses transformers for natural language processing and generating meaningful and understandable questions from the given context. A.Q.U.A will be of great use in online assessments , school level and university level exams, as well as competitive exams. It’ll be also helpful for students and learners to take practise tests for a topic and evaluate their knowledge in it

Real-World Patterns of Everolimus Use in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

© AlphaMed Press 2020 Background: There is limited literature on patterns of everolimus use and subsequent hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits in real-world clinical practice. In this study, we describe patterns of everolimus use and hospitalizations and ER visits in a large cohort of patients with breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: Patients with BC treated with everolimus were identified in the MarketScan database from 2009 to 2016. The pattern of everolimus use and frequency of associated ER visits and hospitalizations during treatment (between the first claim and 30 days after the last claim for everolimus) were identified. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used. Results: A total of 3,556 everolimus users were identified (median age of 60 years; median days of use, 112). The initial prescribed dose was 10 mg in 74.8% of the patients. Compared with the initial dose, 23.5% of patients had a dose change. Forty-six percent of patients were hospitalized or had an ER visit during the treatment with everolimus. Age greater than 71, higher comorbidity score, treatment year prior to 2012, and lower initial dose were found to be significantly associated with ER visit/hospitalization in the regression models. Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients receiving everolimus had an ER visit or hospitalization during the use of everolimus. These results provide data regarding risks and benefits of treatment with everolimus. These results will be helpful in identifying patients at higher risk of hospitalizations or ER visits and facilitate evidence-based decision making to avoid serious complications. Implications for Practice: Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, is approved in combination with exemestane in patients with hormone receptor–positive tumors previously treated with anastrozole or letrozole. As new drugs become available, it is crucial to understand the adverse events and potential complications associated with the use of such drugs in the general population, outside of the controlled clinical trial setting. This study describes the patterns of everolimus use and adverse events, including hospitalization and emergency room visits, in a large cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer in routine practice

Concordance Between Electronic Health Record Data and Medicare Part D Claims Data for Oral Anticancer Drug Use

Real-world evidence from electronic health records (EHRs) and claims data are being evaluated for use in regulatory decision-making.1,2 The objective of our study was to determine the concordance between EHR and Medicare Part D (MPD) claims data for the receipt of oral anticancer agents, a rapidly growing treatment option for cancer

Comparative Study between Mobile Operating Systems and Android Application Development

Android operating system is a broadened source versatile application which relies upon Linux Kernel working framework. It is most popular application till now and has a low cost which makes it growing much faster than any other operating system. In today’s world of rapidly growing technology there are many operating system but android is the most efficient and user friendly operating system. The main reason towards its growing popularity is various functionalities, ease of use and utility. This can perform numerous tasks such as making call, sending or receiving Messages, music, online shopping, playing games, web browsing, many social media apps etc. As we all know Android OS is developed by Google and provides a huge variety of applications. This paper will show the increase of Android OS and the development of Android operating system