Crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. cultivadas em solo contaminado com cobre

Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient necessary for plant development, as it is included in the structure of enzymatic compounds and activators. However, at high soil concentrations it can become toxic to plant metabolism. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and tolerance of Ilex paraguariensis seedlings grown in copper contaminated soil. The study was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, RS, between March and September 2018. The seedlings of Ilex paraguariensis used in the experiment were acquired from a nursery located in the municipality of Arvorezinha, RS. The treatments applied were five doses of Cu (0 - control, without addition of copper; 100; 200; 300 and 400 mg Kg-1 of soil). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 10 replications, each repetition being one plant per pot. After exposure to different treatments under soil cultivation at 150 days, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root, stem and leaf dry mass and tolerance index were evaluated. The results showed that the copper doses reduced the seedlings height and stem diameter. The dry mass of all collected partitions showed reduction from the use of 200 mg kg-1 of soil. The plants submitted to higher Cu (400 mg kg-1 soil) showed a reduction in leaf area of 64.7% in relation to the control. The species Ilex paraguariensis presented a tolerance index higher than 60% up to 300 mg kg-1 Cu.O cobre (Cu) é um micronutriente necessário ao desenvolvimento das plantas, pois está incluído na estrutura de compostos enzimáticos e ativadores. Contudo, em altas concentrações no solo pode se tornar tóxico ao metabolismo vegetal. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis cultivadas em solo contaminado com cobre. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Frederico Westphalen, RS, entre os meses de março e setembro de 2018. As mudas de Ilex paraguariensis utilizadas no experimento foram adquiridas de um viveiro localizado no município de Arvorezinha, RS. Os tratamentos aplicados foram cinco doses de Cu (0 - controle, sem adição de cobre; 100; 200; 300 e 400 mg Kg-1 de solo). O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições, sendo cada repetição uma planta por vaso. Após a exposição aos diferentes tratamentos, sob cultivo em solo aos 150 dias, avaliou-se a altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule e folhas e índice de tolerância. Os resultados evidenciaram que as doses de cobre reduziram a altura e diâmetro de caule das mudas. A massa seca de todas as partições coletadas mostrou redução a partir da utilização de 200 mg kg-1 de solo. As plantas submetidas a maior dose de Cu (400 mg kg-1 de solo) apresentaram redução na área foliar de 64,7% em relação à testemunha. A espécie Ilex paraguariensis apresentou o índice de tolerância superior a 60% até a dose de 300 mg kg-1 de Cu

Estimativa do escoamento superficial distribuído na bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe (SP) por meio de geoprocessamento

The use of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) to facilitate the estimation of runoff from watershed has gained increasing attention in recent years. The curve-number (CN) method from US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service was used in this study for determine the runoff. Distributed hydrologic models need specific data on land use and its location within the basin. A hydrological model called HEC-GeoHMS (Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension) was used to combine the soil and land use data in to a single shape file and then estimate the CN map. The objective of this paper was to estimate the spatially distributed runoff in the hydrographic basin of Peixe river (Sao Paulo State). For this, remote sensing (TM-Landsat-5 and SRTM - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and auxiliary data (soil map and precipitation) was used as input to feed a GIS-based hydrologic model - HEC-GeoHMS. The results showed that the Peixe river basin have few areas with high runoff values (higher than 150 mm month-1), mainly due to high slope and agricultural areas. Also, the results showed no evidences of natural disaster for this basin. The combined use of remote sensing, digital image processing techniques and a distributed hydrologic model was adequate for the study of runoff in the Peixe river basin, allowing the spatial distribution for entire basin, as well as checking areas with greatest natural disaster risk.Pages: 5681-568

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data