PROPUESTA DE ESCISIÓN DE LA DENOMINADA ‘FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ’ (MACIZO DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA), A PARTIR DE EDADES U-Pb EN CIRCONES DETRÍTICOS

La Formación Silgará (s.l.) aforante en el Macizo de Santander (Cordillera Oriental de Colombia) en la franja Matanza-Cachirí, presenta litologías metamórfcas fundamentalmente metapelíticas y metasemipelitas, las cuales  alcanzaron el máximo pico de metamorfsmo en la facies Esquistos Verdes. Circones detríticos con edades U-Pb entre 906,5±10,5 Ma y 1.610,3±9,8 Ma, permiten determinar que la máxima edad de depositación del protolito de ésta unidad es Neo-proterozóico (Toniano). Contrariamente, la franja de rocas metamórfcas Piedecuesta-Aratoca (relacionada en trabajos previos con la denominada Formación Silgará s.l., propuesta desde la década de los 70s), presentan dos grupos de litologías diferentes: una compuesta fundamentalmente de metapsamitas, semipelitas y metabasitas (hacia la base), las cuales alcanzaron el máximo pico de metamorfsmo en la facies anfbolita; y otra de metapsamitas, semipelitas hacia la parte superior (en facies sub-esquistos verdes). Circones detríticos con edades U-Pb entre 506,7±9,3 Ma y 2.586,9±10,2 Ma, en cuarcitas de la facies anfbolita, apuntan a que la máxima edad de depositación del protolito de estas litologías metamórfcas estaría entre el Cámbrico temprano (Terreneuviano) a Cámbrico medio; mientras que en las cuarcitas de la facies sub-esquistos verdes, las edades entre 451,6±7,7 Ma y 1.611,5±13,6 Ma, sugieren que su máxima edad de depositación del protolito es Ordovícico tardío (Katian) y una historia paleogeográfca y sedimentológica muy diferente, en comparación con las litologías previamente referidas.  Apoyados en las diferencias antes referidas, se propone escindir la Formación Silgará (s.l.) en tres unidades diferentes: Esquistos del Silgará s.s. (unidad fundamentalmente pelítica y semipelita), Esquistos del Chicamocha (unidad compuesta fundamentalmente de metapsamitas, metapelitas y metabasitas; y posiblemente litologías calco-silicatadas?, presentes en otros franjas metamórfcas del MS) y Filitas de San Pedro (unidad compuesta fundamentalmente de metapsamitas, metapelitas; y localmente muy posiblemente litologías meta-volcanoclásticas?). El pico de metamorfsmo de las unidades Esquistos del Silgará (s.s.) y del Chicamocha, se relacionan con el evento orogénico principal Fammatiniano (localmente referido como Quetame-Caparonensis, de edad Ordovícico temprano); mientras que el pico de metamorfsmo de la unidad Filitas de San Pedro, se relacionaría con el evento orogénico menor Fammatiniano (de edad Silúrico). Aunque los unidades Esquistos del Silgará (s.s.) y del Chicamocha, al parecer alcanzaron el máximo pico de metamorfsmo durante el evento orogénico principal Fammatiniano, aquí se propone su escisión, considerando sus diferencias litológicas (además de las diferencias ya referidas). No obstante, se recomienda un análisis comparativo más detallado entre las diferentes franjas metamórfcas esquistosas presentes en el Macizo de Santander (en términos de sus litologías predominantes y sus máximas edades estratigráfcas, entre otros aspectos), para fnes de soportar o descartar ésta división. En lo referente a la unidad Filitas de San Pedro (aquí propuesta), su escisión (individualización) es muy evidente y necesaria, debido a las diferencias litológicas y edad de metamorfsmo, respecto a las unidades previamente referidas. No se descarta la existencia de eventos tectono-termales más jóvenes en el Macizo de Santander (especialmente de tipo dinamo-térmico), considerando la presencia localizada de rocas sedimentarias, de edad Paleozóico tardío, afectadas por pizarrosidad. The metamorphic lithologies from the Silgará Formation (s.l.) outcropping along the Matanza-Cachirí strip in the Santander Massif (Colombian Eastern Cordillera) are mainly constituted by metapelites and metasemipelites that reached the thermal metamorphic peak in the range of green schist facies. Detrital zircons from these metamorphic lithologies yielded U-Pb ages from 906.5 ± 10.5 to 1610.3 ± 9.8 Ma, suggesting a maximum age of deposition at Neoproterozoic time. On the other hand, the Piedecuesta-Aratoca metamorphic rocks strip (also linked previously to the so-called Silgará Formation) is composed by two groups of lithologies: The lower sequence which is constituted mainly by meta-psamites, semipelites and metabasites with the thermal metamorphic peak at amphibolite facies and; the upper sequence which are basically meta-psamites and semipelites that reached the thermal metamorphic peak at sub-green schist facies. Detrital zircons from the quartzites in amphibolite facies rocks yielded U-Pb ages from 506.7± 9.3 to 2586.9±10.2 Ma, suggesting a maximum age of deposition at Early to Middle Cambrian time; whereas U-Pb zircon ages determinated from the meta-sandstones from the upper sequence yielded ages from 451.6±7.7 to 1611.5±13.6 Ma, suggesting a maximum age of deposition at Late Ordovician (Katina) time. These geochronology data point out that these both sequences have different paleogeographic and sedimentological history.   Supported by the aforementioned differences, it is proposed here to split-off the older Silgará Formation (s.l.) in the following three different units: the Silgará schists s.s.(constituted by metapelitic and semipelitic rocks), the Chicamocha schists (mainly constituted by metapsammites, metapelites and metabasites, and possibly metacalcsilicates? rocks outcropping in some others metamorphic strips from the Santander Massif) and the San Pedro phyllites (constituted by metapsamites and metapelites and possibly metavolcanoclastic lithologies?). The thermal metamorphic peak of the Silgara (s.s.) and Chicamocha Schists units must be related to the main Fammatinian orogenic event (locally known as Quetame-Caparonensis, early Ordovician in age), whereas the metamorphic peak for the San Pedro Fillites unit should be related to the minor Fammatinian orogenic event (Silurian in age). Despite both The Silgará Schists (s.s.) and Chicamocha Schists units reached probably the thermal metamorphic peak during the Fammatinian Orogeny, here is proposed to split-off these units, because of these lithological differences (among some others aforementioned characteristics). Anyway, in order to avoid or to support this idea, there is a need to develop new studies, involving more metamorphic strips in order to identify better their lithologies and their maximum deposition ages. The split-off of the San Pedro Phyllites Unit from the Silgara Formation (s.l.) is evident and necessary task, considering their lithologies, metamorphic ages, among others features, compared with the Silgara Schists (s.s.) and Chicamocha Schists Units.Younger tectono-thermal events (mainly dynamo-thermal) are not ruled out, taking into account the local presence of late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Santander Massif, affected by a slaty cleavag

Search for CPCP violation in D0^0→\to KS0^0_\mathrm{S}KS0^0_\mathrm{S} decays in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceA search is reported for charge-parity D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$$CP$ violation in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ decays, using data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 fb$^{-1}$, which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of ẖadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons. The flavor of the neutral D meson is determined by the pion charge in the reconstructed decays D$^{*+}$$\to$ D$^0\pi^+$ and D$^{*-}$$\to$ D$^0\pi^-$. The D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$$CP$ asymmetry in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ is measured to be $A_{CP}$( K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) = (6.2 $\pm$ 3.0 $\pm$ 0.2 $\pm$ 0.8)%, where the three uncertainties represent the statistical uncertainty, the systematic uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the measurement of the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry in the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. This is the first D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry measurement by CMS in the charm sector as well as the first to utilize a fully hadronic final state

The CMS Statistical Analysis and Combination Tool: COMBINE

International audienceThis paper describes the COMBINE software package used for statistical analyses by the CMS Collaboration. The package, originally designed to perform searches for a Higgs boson and the combined analysis of those searches, has evolved to become the statistical analysis tool presently used in the majority of measurements and searches performed by the CMS Collaboration. It is not specific to the CMS experiment, and this paper is intended to serve as a reference for users outside of the CMS Collaboration, providing an outline of the most salient features and capabilities. Readers are provided with the possibility to run COMBINE and reproduce examples provided in this paper using a publicly available container image. Since the package is constantly evolving to meet the demands of ever-increasing data sets and analysis sophistication, this paper cannot cover all details of COMBINE. However, the online documentation referenced within this paper provides an up-to-date and complete user guide

Dark sector searches with the CMS experiment

Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidence for gravitationally interacting dark matter in the universe that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. The extraordinary amount of data from the CERN LHC presents a unique opportunity to shed light on the nature of dark matter at unprecedented collision energies. This Report comprehensively reviews the most recent searches with the CMS experiment for particles and interactions belonging to a dark sector and for dark-sector mediators. Models with invisible massive particles are probed by searches for signatures of missing transverse momentum recoiling against visible standard model particles. Searches for mediators are also conducted via fully visible final states. The results of these searches are compared with those obtained from direct-detection experiments. Searches for alternative scenarios predicting more complex dark sectors with multiple new particles and new forces are also presented. Many of these models include long-lived particles, which could manifest themselves with striking unconventional signatures with relatively small amounts of background. Searches for such particles are discussed and their impact on dark-sector scenarios is evaluated. Many results and interpretations have been newly obtained for this Report.Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidence for gravitationally interacting dark matter in the universe that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. The extraordinary amount of data from the CERN LHC presents a unique opportunity to shed light on the nature of dark matter at unprecedented collision energies. This Report comprehensively reviews the most recent searches with the CMS experiment for particles and interactions belonging to a dark sector and for dark-sector mediators. Models with invisible massive particles are probed by searches for signatures of missing transverse momentum recoiling against visible standard model particles. Searches for mediators are also conducted via fully visible final states. The results of these searches are compared with those obtained from direct-detection experiments. Searches for alternative scenarios predicting more complex dark sectors with multiple new particles and new forces are also presented. Many of these models include long-lived particles, which could manifest themselves with striking unconventional signatures with relatively small amounts of background. Searches for such particles are discussed and their impact on dark-sector scenarios is evaluated. Many results and interpretations have been newly obtained for this Report

Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W+^{+}W−^{-} production in proton-proton collisions at s= \sqrt{s} = 13.6 TeV

Measurements at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb$^{-1}$. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. An inclusive W$^{+}$W$^{-}$ production cross section of 125.7 $\pm$ 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with recent theoretical predictions.Measurements at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb$^{-1}$. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. An inclusive W$^+$W$^-$ production cross section of 125.7 $\pm$ 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with recent theoretical predictions

Observation of the J/ψ\psi →\to μ+μ−μ+μ−\mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^- decay in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe J/$\psi$$\to$$\mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-$ decay has been observed with a statistical significance in excess of five standard deviations. The analysis is based on an event sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 33.6 fb${-1}$. Normalizing to the J/$\psi$$\to$$\mu^+\mu^-$ decay mode leads to a branching fraction [10.1$^{+3.3}_{-2.7}$ (stat) $\pm$ 0.4 (syst) ]$\times$ 10$^{-7}$, a value that is consistent with the standard model prediction

Enriching the physics program of the CMS experiment via data scouting and data parking

International audienceSpecialized data-taking and data-processing techniques were introduced by the CMS experiment in Run 1 of the CERN LHC to enhance the sensitivity of searches for new physics and the precision of standard model measurements. These techniques, termed data scouting and data parking, extend the data-taking capabilities of CMS beyond the original design specifications. The novel data-scouting strategy trades complete event information for higher event rates, while keeping the data bandwidth within limits. Data parking involves storing a large amount of raw detector data collected by algorithms with low trigger thresholds to be processed when sufficient computational power is available to handle such data. The research program of the CMS Collaboration is greatly expanded with these techniques. The implementation, performance, and physics results obtained with data scouting and data parking in CMS over the last decade are discussed in this Report, along with new developments aimed at further improving low-mass physics sensitivity over the next years of data taking

Observation of the J/ψ\psi→\toμ+μ−μ+μ−\mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^- decay in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe J/$\psi$$\to$$\mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-$ decay has been observed with a statistical significance in excess of five standard deviations. The analysis is based on an event sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 33.6 fb${-1}$. Normalizing to the J/$\psi$$\to$$\mu^+\mu^-$ decay mode leads to a branching fraction [10.1$^{+3.3}_{-2.7}$ (stat) $\pm$ 0.4 (syst) ]$\times$ 10$^{-7}$, a value that is consistent with the standard model prediction

Search for the Z boson decay to ττμμ\tau\tau\mu\mu in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe first search for the Z boson decay to $\tau\tau\mu\mu$ at the CERN LHC is presented, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The data are compatible with the predicted background. For the first time, an upper limit at the 95% confidence level of 6.9 times the standard model expectation is placed on the ratio of the Z $\to$ $\tau\tau\mu\mu$ to Z $\to$ 4$\mu$ branching fractions. Limits are also placed on the six flavor-conserving four-lepton effective-field-theory operators involving two muons and two tau leptons, for the first time testing all such operators

Search for soft unclustered energy patterns in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

International audienceThe first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by Hidden Valley models with a new, confining force with a large 't Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics. With no observed excess of events over the standard model expectation, limits are set on the cross section for production via gluon fusion of a scalar mediator with SUEP-like decays