Additional file 1: of Vape shops: who uses them and what do they do?

Shop questionnaire. (DOC 321 kb

Additional file 2: of Vape shops: who uses them and what do they do?

Customer questionnaire. (DOC 413 kb

Exploring the influence of health management processes on health outcomes among internally displaced persons (IDPs)

Background: Despite global action and policy initiatives, internally displaced persons (IDPs) experience poor living conditions and lack healthcare access compared to refugees. This study sought to understand the relationship between health management processes and health outcomes among camp-dwelling IDPs in northern Nigeria. Method: 73 individuals participated in either a focus group (n = 49) or one-to-one interview (n = 24), comprising IDPs (n = 49), camp managers (n = 9), health workers (n = 7) and government administrative authorities (n = 8). Interviews explored IDP health management processes, partners and perceptions around camp management. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Four main themes were identified: opinions about healthcare organisation and management, service availability, interventions and information management, and IDP health outcomes. Though many stakeholders, partnerships, and national and international government agencies were involved in the provision of healthcare services, respondents described efforts as disjointed. Reports suggested that the coordination and management of health services and resources were not tailored to the needs of those living in all camps. And because so many national and international agencies were involved, but under weak coordination, access to services was less than optimal and adequate management of critical public health interventions was lacking. Varied allocation of resources such as funding, medication and medically trained staff were viewed as key factors in the availability and the ability to access what was considered as essential healthcare services. Conclusion: The health of IDPs in camp-like settings was compromised by uncoordinated management, treatment, and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Government authorities need to be aware and consider the complexity of the multiagency involvement in the management and provision of IDP healthcare services. Introducing systems to streamline, monitor and support IDP healthcare management could be cost-effective strategies for achieving optimal health care

Self-management of health-behaviors among older and younger workers with chronic illness

Objective: To examine the self-management of health behaviors carried out by older (aged 50-69 years) and younger workers (aged 20-49 years) with a chronic illness. Methods: Questionnaire data was collected from 759 employees with a diagnosed chronic illness. Four categories of self-managing health behaviors were examined: using prescribed medication, monitoring and responding to symptoms. managing an appropriate diet and exercising. Results: The majority of participants (56-97%) reported being advised to carry out health behaviors at home and at work. Controlling for confounding factors, medication use was associated with younger and older workers. Managing an appropriate diet was associated with younger workers with asthma, musculoskeletal pain or diabetes. Exercising was associated with younger workers with asthma and with older workers with heart disease, arthritis and rheumatism or diabetes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that there are differences in diet and exercise activities among younger and older workers.Practice implications: To increase self-management in health behaviors at work, improved communication and understanding between the different health professions and the patient/employee is required so that different tailored approaches can be effectively targeted both by age and within the context of the working environment, to those managing asthma, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis and rheumatism

Additional file 1: of Protecting children from secondhand smoke: a mixed-methods feasibility study of a novel smoke-free home intervention

Caregiver week 12 interview guide