Mapping the path towards novel treatment strategies: a bibliometric analysis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis research from 1990 to 2023

BackgroundHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), a common form of thyroid autoimmunity, is strongly associated with deteriorating clinical status and impaired quality of life. The escalating global prevalence, coupled with the complexity of disease mechanisms, necessitates a comprehensive, bibliometric analysis to elucidate the trajectory, hotspots, and future trends in HT research.ObjectiveThis study aims to illuminate the development, hotspots, and future directions in HT research through systematic analysis of publications, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Particular emphasis is placed on novel treatment strategies for HT and its complications, highlighting the potential role of genetic profiling and immunomodulatory therapies.MethodsWe retrieved 8,726 relevant documents from the Web of Science Core Collection database spanning from 1 January 1990 to 7 March 2023. Following the selection of document type, 7,624 articles were included for bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software.ResultsThe temporal evolution of HT research is categorized into three distinct phases: exploration (1990-1999), rapid development (1999-2000), and steady growth (2000-present). Notably, the United States, China, Italy, and Japan collectively contributed over half (54.77%) of global publications. Among the top 10 research institutions, four were from Italy (4/10), followed by China (2/10) and the United States (2/10). Recent hotspots, such as the roles of gut microbiota, genetic profiling, and nutritional factors in HT management, the diagnostic dilemmas between HT and Grave’s disease, as well as the challenges in managing HT complicated by papillary thyroid carcinoma and type 1 diabetes mellitus, are discussed.ConclusionAlthough North America and Europe have a considerable academic impact, institutions from emerging countries like China are demonstrating promising potential in HT research. Future studies are anticipated to delve deeper into the differential diagnosis of HT and Grave’s disease, the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and HT pathogenesis, clinical management of HT with papillary thyroid carcinoma or type 1 diabetes, and the beneficial effects of dietary modifications and micronutrients supplementation in HT. Furthermore, the advent of genetic profiling and advanced immunotherapies for managing HT offers promising avenues for future research

Effect of cryorolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of a peak-aged AA6082 extrusion

Peak-aged AA6082 flat extrusions were cryorolled at liquid nitrogen temperature to three different thickness reductions, the reductions were 21%, 42% and 85%, respectively. Microstructure and plastic deformation behaviors of the initial as well as the rolled materials were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests at room temperature. The initial material showed fibrous grain structure. After cryorolling to 21% thickness reduction, grains in the alloy were obviously elongated and importantly, microband traces were detected in selected grains. More detailed information was obtained in the alloy after 42% thickness reduction. Here, numerous microbands aligned along slip planes with the highest resolved shear stress, producing fragmentation of grains, while rests of elongated grains were microband-free. A cryorolling strain of 85% has been found to be desirable for producing a hierarchical microstructure in the materials volume, featuring nano- and ultrafine grains with size <100 nm coexisted with micro-sized grains. The development of hierarchical microstructure could be considered as a consequence of the intersection between families of microbands. As a result, both the strength and uniform elongation of the severely cryorolled alloy, i.e. 85% thickness reduction, were more superior to other rolled alloys. Therefore, this study revealed that the single processing procedure, i.e., cryorolling, can be utilized to tailor for desired properties in favor of both strength and ductility for peak-aged AA6082 extrusions

Microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties of an Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression

The evolution of microstructure and texture of an extruded GW102K Mg alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC) at 450 °C were investigated. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature and strain rate 5 × 10−3 s−1. The results show that the microstructure was effectively refined, and the initial fiber texture became disintegrated and developed a new texture after 14 CEC passes. It was found that the strength and ductility were simultaneously increased compared with the as-extruded alloy. In particular, the elongation and yield strength were related in a line relationship having a positive slope. As the texture changed and texture intensity decreased, substantial grain refinement was observed. The hard second-phase particles were considered to be responsible for the uncommon properties of the GW102K alloy processed by CEC

Re-validation and re-description of Tasa koreana (Wesołowska, 1981) (Araneae, Salticidae)

Tasa Wesołowska, 1981 is a small chrysilline genus distributed in East Asia, with two currently known species: T. davidi (Schenkel, 1963) and T. nipponica Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987, both species having been recorded in China.The combination Tasa koreana (Wesołowska, 1981) comb. rev. is re-validated, based on the characteristics of the copulatory organs of both sexes. A re-description and diagnostic photographs are also provided

Surface Discoloration Analysis and Lignin Degradation Fragments Identification of UV-Irradiated Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel)

Color changes caused by artificial UV radiation of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) were recorded as a function of exposure time to obtain the maximum absorption trend by the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) spectra. Lignin photolysis into smaller molecules was evaluated using spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results showed that the K-M absorption peak increased in the yellow and red regions (360 to 500 nm) when compared with the untreated sample, which was in accordance with the yellow-red shift by visual observation. The maximum absorption of the K-M spectra from UVB phototreated bamboo was in the UV region. GC-MS analysis showed that benzene carbonyls, organic acid, and esters were the major types of photolysized molecules of bamboo lignin, which were derived from the C-C bonds adjacent to the α-carbonyl. UV irradiation (295 to 400 nm) resulted in the breakdown of carbonyl and unsaturated C-C groups conjugated to aromatic ring at the C., which partly contributed to the quick discoloration at the initial 100 h of UV irradiation

Finite element analysis of strain distribution in ZK60 Mg alloy during cyclic extrusion and compression

Finite element method was used to study the strain distribution in ZK60 Mg alloy during multi-pass cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC). In order to optimize the CEC processing, the effects of friction condition and die geometry on the distribution of total equivalent plastic strain were investigated. The results show that the strain distributions in the workpieces are inhomogeneous after CEC deformation. The strains of the both ends of the workpieces are lower than that of the center region. The process parameters have significant effects on the strain distribution. The friction between die and workpiece is detrimental to strain homogeneity, thus the friction should be decreased. In order to improve the strain homogeneity, a large corner radius and a low extrusion angle should be used

Microstructure and texture characteristics of ZK60 Mg alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression

The microstructure and crystallographic texture characteristics of an extruded ZK60 Mg alloy subjected to cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC) up to 8 passes at 503 K were investigated. The local crystallographic texture, grain size and distribution, and grain boundary character distributions were analyzed using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that the microstructure is refined significantly by the CEC processing and the distributions of grain size tend to be more uniform with increasing CEC pass number. The fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) decreases after CEC deformation, and a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) is revealed after 8 passes of CEC. Moreover, the initial fiber texture becomes random during CEC processing and develops a new texture

Discovery of diminazene as a dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 human host proteases TMPRSS2 and furin using cell-based assays

The proteases TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) and furin are known to play important roles in viral infectivity including systematic COVID-19 infection through priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. To discover small-molecules capable of inhibiting these host proteases, we established convenient and cost-effective cell-based assays employing Vero cells overexpressing TMPRSS2 and furin. A cell-based proteolytic assay for broad-spectrum protease inhibitors was also established using human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Evaluation of camostat, nafamostat, and gabexate in these cell-based assays confirmed their known TMPRSS2 inhibitory activities. Diminazene, a veterinary medicinal agent and a known furin inhibitor was found to inhibit both TMPRSS2 and furin with IC50s of 1.35 and 13.2 μM, respectively. Establishment and the use of cell-based assays for evaluation TMPRSS2 and furin inhibitory activity and implications of dual activity of diminazene vs TMPRSS2 and furin are presented

Effect of Mg on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys produced by high pressure torsion

Al-Mg alloys are a series of low cost and low density Al alloys, which show remarkable strengthening during deformation. In this work, study of commercial purity Al, Al-0.5Mg and Al-4.1Mg alloys was carried out to investigate the effect of Mg on materials strengthening. Slight solid solution strengthening by Mg addition is found in the as-cast alloys. While further significant strengthening effect is achieved in the alloys produced by high pressure torsion. An extraordinarily high strength of ~800 MPa is achieved in the Al-4.1Mg alloy, as a result of deformation induced ultrafine grains, high density stacking faults and Mg segregation

Special nanostructures in Al-Mg alloys subjected to high pressure torsion

Deformation twins and stacking faults were observed in nanostructure Al-Mg alloys subjected to high pressure torsion. These observations are surprising because deformation twinnings have never been observed in their coarse-grained counterparts under normal conditions. Experimental evidences are introduced on non-equilibrium grain boundaries, deformation twinnings and partial dislocation emissions from grain boundaries. Some of these features can be explained by the results reported from molecular-dynamics simulations of pure FCC metals. Special emphasis is laid on the recent observations of high density hexagonal and rhombic shaped nanostructures with an average size of 3 nm in the Al-Mg alloys processed by high pressure torsion. A possible formation process of these nanostructures is proposed based on molecular-dynamics simulations