Synaptic Transmission and Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

Amino acids are the most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are synthesized and stored in presynaptic terminals, released from terminals upon stimulation with specific receptors on the postsynaptic cells. Chemical and electrical synapses are specialized biological structures found in the nervous system; they connect neurons together and transmit signals across the neurons. The process of synaptic transmission generates or inhibits electrical impulses in a network of neurons for the processing of information. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, while GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter. The balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic tone is crucial to normal neurologic function. Through synaptic transmission, this information is communicated from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell. Amino acid neurotransmitters primarily glutamic acid, GABA, aspartic acid, and glycine are single amino acid residues released from presynaptic nerve terminals in response to an action potential and cross the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor on the postsynaptic membrane. The integral role of amino acid neurotransmitters is important on the normal functioning of the brain. The presynaptic and postsynaptic events in chemical synapses are subject to use dependent and highly regulated as per the changes in synaptic neurotransmitter release and function

Role of digital platform in business start up : enhancing start-up growth through digital platforms: insights from consumer perspectives

This thesis seeks to examine how digital marketing affects the competitive production of new com-panies by means of its relevance which included in the study will be easy if digital marketing plays an important role in business expansion, brand awareness, building customer relationships & their engagement. I came across one study that answered this specific topic; it examined how social media influenced creativity in startup businesses and revealed a positive relationship. Using the quantitative methodology, the study gathered data from different start-ups mostly via webropol survey questionnaire. The study also included secondary data drawn from peer-reviewed books, websites, and journals. According to the study's findings, digital marketing is a modern ap-proach of contacting customers and maintaining their allegiance as clients. For newly founded com-panies, websites, industry-specific magazines, and online forums have shown to be the most effective paths and venues. Moreover, digital marketing implies that by improving customer understanding, brand awareness & confidence, digital marketing might enable a fledgling company to reach signifi-cant expansion. In their initial stage, most new businesses are cautious about applying digital mar-keting techniques. Our results will inspire other startups looking at their own advertising campaigns to explore opportunities in digital marketing

IMPACT OF MEAL REPLACEMENT ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF TYPE II DIABETES

Diabetes mellitus is one of the pandemic disorder affecting approximately 347 million people in world. The WHO identified and announced India as the capital of Diabetes. Food products that can induce a slow release of glucose are the demand for managing diabetes. Hence researchers are accelerated to bring into focus the same; so we planned to prepare a low glycemic roti for the management of diabetes which is low cost, high in fiber, low glycemic index and glycemic load value. The glycemic index and glycemic load of the product was assessed by monitoring the rises in blood glucose after a 50g of portion was fed to 15 healthy subjects. The glycemic index of hypoglycemic roti is 53%. The impact of formulated roti was assessed at 1% significance among all diabetic individuals

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and invitro antioxidant activity of medicinal plant Pimenta dioica (l.) Merr. (Myrtaceae) from Attappadi, Palakkad district, Kerala

An ethnobotanical study was undertaken to collect information about the use of medicinal plants in Attappadi hills, Palakkad district, Kerala during December 2012 to February 2013. A total of 51 species of ethanomedicinal plants belonging to 30 families were reported with the help of standardized questionnaires. This survey is mostly useful for rural area of local people. Total phenol and DPPH activity was carried out for Pimenta dioica. The aqueous stem extract of P.dioica showed higher total phenolic content and acetone extract exhibited the more free radical scavenging activity. These findings show that the plant provide substantial antioxidant activity

Stemming misconduct in higher education and research

The paper dwells upon different forms of misconduct which prevail in higher education and research. It throws light on the draft policy of UGC, India, which aims to ensure integrity and honesty in education and research. It advocates that all the stakeholders like authors, researchers, administrators, funding bodies and editorial boards need to shoulder the responsibility of promoting and maintaining conformity to the norms of scholarly communication

Performance Appraisal is the Key to High Performance

People perform their best when they are given specific goals which are attainable. Performance of employees and to understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development. It will be better to give employees the map, the destination and sometimes general direction in which to start. Performance appraisal is an unavoidable element of organizationl life. Performance appraisal is an influential tool that organizations have to organize and coordinate the power of every employee of the organization towards the achievement of its strategic goals. It can focus each employee’s mind on the organization’s mission, vision and core values. Organizations have come to realize that a primary part of their business is to help employees achieve high performance by providing them timely support for completing their tasks. Performance Appraisal helps the supervisors to chalk out the promotion programmes for efficient employees. In this regards, inefficient workers can be dismissed or demoted in case. Performance appraisal serves as a motivation tool. Through evaluating performance of employees, a person’s efficiency can be determined if the targets are achieved. This very well motivates a person for better job and helps him to improve his performance in the future. Key Words: Performance appraisal, leadership, Supervisors, higher education, motivation