200 research outputs found
On the algebra of cornered Floer homology
Bordered Floer homology associates to a parametrized oriented surface a
certain differential graded algebra. We study the properties of this algebra
under splittings of the surface. To the circle we associate a differential
graded 2-algebra, the nilCoxeter sequential 2-algebra, and to a surface with
connected boundary an algebra-module over this 2-algebra, such that a natural
gluing property is satisfied. Moreover, with a view toward the structure of a
potential Floer homology theory of 3-manifolds with codimension-two corners, we
present a decomposition theorem for the Floer complex of a planar grid diagram,
with respect to vertical and horizontal slicing.Comment: a few minor revision
Gap prediction in hybrid graphene - hexagonal boron nitride nanoflakes using artificial neural networks
The electronic properties graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) with embedded hexagonal
boron nitride (hBN) domains are investigated by combined {\it ab initio}
density functional theory calculations and machine learning techniques. The
energy gaps of the quasi-0D graphene based systems, defined as the differences
between LUMO and HOMO energies, depend on the sizes of the hBN domains relative
to the size of the pristine graphene nanoflake, but also on the position of the
hBN domain. The range of the energy gaps for different configurations is
increasing as the hBN domains get larger. We develop two artificial neural
network (ANN) models able to reproduce the gap energies with high accuracies
and investigate the tunability of the energy gap, by considering a set of GNFs
with embedded rectangular hBN domains. In one ANN model, the input is in
one-to-one correspondence with the atoms in the GNF, while in the second model
the inputs account for basic structures in the GNF, allowing potential use in
up-scaled structures. We perform a statistical analysis over different
configurations of ANNs to optimize the network structure. The trained ANNs
provide a correlation between the atomic system configuration and the magnitude
of the energy gaps, which may be regarded as an efficient tool for optimizing
the design of nanostructured graphene based materials for specific electronic
properties.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Hysteresis effect due to the exchange Coulomb interaction in short-period superlattices in tilted magnetic fields
We calculate the ground-state of a two-dimensional electron gas in a
short-period lateral potential in magnetic field, with the Coulomb
electron-electron interaction included in the Hartree-Fock approximation. For a
sufficiently short period the dominant Coulomb effects are determined by the
exchange interaction. We find numerical solutions of the self-consistent
equations that have hysteresis properties when the magnetic field is tilted and
increased, such that the perpendicular component is always constant. This
behavior is a result of the interplay of the exchange interaction with the
energy dispersion and the spin splitting. We suggest that hysteresis effects of
this type could be observable in magneto-transport and magnetization
experiments on quantum-wire and quantum-dot superlattices.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
HBV and neurological impairment in HIV-infected patients
Objective: HIV can affect CNS in early stages of disease and determine neurological impairment. HBV DNA was found in CSF of HIV co-infected patients, but little is known about the neurotropic character of this virus. Here we assessed the degree of association between HBV infection and neurological impairment in a large cohort of long-term survivors, HIV-infected patients that experienced multiple therapeutic schemes over time. Methods: A total of 462 HIV-1-infected patients were retrospectively followed up for 10 years for HBV infection and neurological impairment. The patients were tested for immune (flow cytometry) and virological parameters of HIV infection (Roche Amplicor, version 1.5/ COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 test) and for HBV infection markers (HBsAg, anti HBc: Murex Biotech ELISA tests). Many of these patients have experienced between one and six regimens such as: 2 NRTIs, 3 NRTIs, 2 NRTIs+1 NNRTI, 1 NRTI+1 NNRTI+1 PI, 2 NRTIs+2 PIs. Results: After 10 years 29.87% of the patients presented neurological impairment. Out of them 56.52% were HBV-infected. The prevalence of HIV encephalopathy (HE) in our studied cohort was 22.7% and 50.4% of these patients were HBV-infected. The median HIV diagnosis age was 7 and the median age of HE diagnosis was 10. In order to establish a possible correlation between HBV infection and HE we first reviewed and excluded the main risk factors associated with HE at the moment of diagnosis: low weight, anemia, constitutional symptoms, low CD4+count, high plasma HIV-RNA load. No patient was infected with HCV. The groups of patients that presented HE and HBsAg and HE without HBsAg were balanced regarding sex, number of deceased patients, number of class C3 patients, but the patients in first group presented lower CD4 values at HE diagnosis vs patients from second group 2: 44.5 vs 95 cells/µL, p=0.3; lower nadir CD4 count: 38 vs 51 cell/µL, p=0.1; and slightly higher HIV viral load: 5.2 vs 5 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.2. There were only 53 patients that presented at the same time HE and HBV infection and the majority, 78.69%, were first infected with HBV. Conclusions: In our studied cohort HBV infection was associated with HE but further studies are needed to prove HBV neurotropic potential. Absolute CD4 nadir count and class C3 are proved to be strong predictors of HE in HIV-infected patients even after several changes in antiretroviral therapy schemes
Grid Diagrams for Lens Spaces and Combinatorial Knot Floer Homology
Similar to knots in S^3, any knot in a lens space has a grid diagram from
which one can combinatorially compute all of its knot Floer homology
invariants. We give an explicit description of the generators, differentials,
and rational Maslov and Alexander gradings in terms of combinatorial data on
the grid diagram. Motivated by existing results for the Floer homology of knots
in S^3 and the similarity of the combinatorics presented here, we conjecture
that a certain family of knots is characterized by their Floer homology.
Coupled with work of the third author, an affirmative answer to this would
prove the Berge conjecture, which catalogs the knots in S^3 admitting lens
space surgeries.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures; Expositional improvements, corrected
normalization of A grading in proof of Lemma 4.1
Coulomb interaction and transient charging of excited states in open nanosystems
We obtain and analyze the effect of electron-electron Coulomb interaction on
the time dependent current flowing through a mesoscopic system connected to
biased semi-infinite leads. We assume the contact is gradually switched on in
time and we calculate the time dependent reduced density operator of the sample
using the generalized master equation. The many-electron states (MES) of the
isolated sample are derived with the exact diagonalization method. The chemical
potentials of the two leads create a bias window which determines which MES are
relevant to the charging and discharging of the sample and to the currents,
during the transient or steady states. We discuss the contribution of the MES
with fixed number of electrons N and we find that in the transient regime there
are excited states more active than the ground state even for N=1. This is a
dynamical signature of the Coulomb blockade phenomenon. We discuss numerical
results for three sample models: short 1D chain, 2D lattice, and 2D parabolic
quantum wire.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Correlated time-dependent transport through a 2D quantum structure
We use a generalized master equation (GME) to describe the nonequilibrium
magnetotransport of interacting electrons through a broad finite quantum wire
with an embedded ring structure. The finite quantum wire is weakly coupled to
two broad leads acting as reservoirs of electrons. The mutual Coulomb
interaction of the electrons is described using a configuration interaction
method for the many-electron states of the central system. We report some
non-trivial interaction effects both at the level of time-dependent filling of
states and on the time-dependent transport. We find that the Coulomb
interaction in this non-trivial geometry can enhance the correlation of
electronic states in the system and facilitate it's charging in certain
circumstances in the weak coupling limit appropriate for the GME. In addition,
we find oscillations in the current in the leads due to the correlations
oscillations caused by the switched-on lead- system coupling. The oscillations
are influenced and can be enhanced by the external magnetic field and the
Coulomb interaction.Comment: RevTeX (pdf-LaTeX), 10 pages with 15 included jpg figure
Memorization of short-range potential fluctuations in Landau levels
We calculate energy spectra of a two-dimensional electron system in a
perpendicular magnetic field and periodic potentials of short periods. The
Coulomb interaction is included within a screened Hartree-Fock approximation.
The electrostatic screening is poor and the exchange interaction amplifies the
energy dispersion. We obtain, by numerical iterations, self-consistent
solutions that have a hysteresis-like property. With increasing amplitude of
the external potential the energy dispersion and the electron density become
periodic, and they remain stable when the external potential is reduced to
zero. We explain this property in physical terms and speculate that a real
system could memorize short-range potential fluctuations after the potential
has been turned off.Comment: 11 pages with 4 included figures, Revte
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