Gyrotropic Zener tunneling and nonlinear IV curves in the zero-energy Landau level of graphene in a strong magnetic field

We have investigated tunneling current through a suspended graphene Corbino disk in high magnetic fields at the Dirac point, i.e. at filling factor $\nu$ = 0. At the onset of the dielectric breakdown the current through the disk grows exponentially before ohmic behaviour, but in a manner distinct from thermal activation. We find that Zener tunneling between Landau sublevels dominates, facilitated by tilting of the source-drain bias potential. According to our analytic modelling, the Zener tunneling is strongly affected by the gyrotropic force (Lorentz force) due to the high magnetic fieldComment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Regularity of symbolic and ordinary powers of weighted oriented graphs and their upper bounds

In this paper, we compare the regularities of symbolic and ordinary powers of edge ideals of weighted oriented graphs. For a weighted oriented graph $D$, we give a lower bound for \reg(I(D)^{(k)}), if $V^+$ are sinks. If $D$ has an induced directed path $(x_i,x_j),(x_j,x_r) \in E(D)$ of length $2$ with $w(x_j)\geq 2$, then we show that \reg(I(D)^{(k)})\leq \reg(I(D)^k) for all $k\geq 2$. In particular, if $D$ is bipartite, then the above inequality holds for all $k\geq 2$. For any weighted oriented graph $D$, if $V^+$ are sink vertices, then we show that \reg(I(D)^{(k)}) \leq \reg(I(D)^k) with $k=2,3$. We further study when these regularities are equal. As a consequence, we give sharp linear upper bounds for regularity of symbolic powers of certain classes of weighted oriented graphs. Furthermore, we compare the regularity of symbolic powers of weighted oriented graphs $D$ and $D'$, where $D'$ is obtained from $D$ by adding a pendent. We show linear upper bounds for regularity of symbolic and ordinary powers of complete graph $K_n$ and $K_n'$.Comment: This is an updated version of arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.04705. Comments are welcom

Liberty, secrecy, and the right of assessment

In this article we argue that governmental practices of secrecy threaten the epistemic dimension of rights. We defend the view that possessing a right entitles its holder to the largest extent of available knowledge of the cir- cumstances that may impede the enjoyment of that right. We call this the ‘epis- temic entitlement’ of rights. Such an entitlement holds in ideal conditions once full transparency is assumed. However, under non-ideal conditions secrecy is a fact that should be accounted for. We argue that, under such conditions, interference due to secrecy is legitimate when the circumstances under which it occurs are open to assessment by the right-holder. We call this the ‘right of assessment’. It ensures the ex-post fulfillment of the epistemic entitlement under non-ideal con- ditions of partial compliance where full transparency is unattainable due to the fact of secrecy. The right of assessment shields against arbitrary interference by imposing an obligation on the government to provide justification for any inter- ference in the sphere of fundamental rights.Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). Funding for this article was provided by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Grant n. EXPL/FER-ETC/1226/2021)

Fast and accurate shot noise measurements on atomic-size junctions in the MHz regime

Shot noise measurements on atomic and molecular junctions provide rich information about the quantum transport properties of the junctions and on the inelastic scattering events taking place in the process. Dissipation at the nanoscale, a problem of central interest in nano-electronics, can be studied in its most explicit and simplified form. Here, we describe a measurement technique that permits extending previous noise measurements to a much higher frequency range, and to much higher bias voltage range, while maintaining a high accuracy in noise and conductance. We also demonstrate the advantages of having access to the spectral information for diagnostics.Comment: 8 figure

Dissociation of J/ψ\psi and Υ\Upsilon using dissociation energy criteria in N-dimensional space

The analytical exact iteration method (AEIM) have been used widely to calculate N-dimensional radial Schrodinger equation with medium modified form of Cornell potential and is generalized to the finite value of magnetic field (eB) with quasi-particle approach in hot quantum chromodynamics (QCD) medium. In N-dimensional space the energy eigen values have been calculated for any states (n,l). These results have been used to study the properties of quarkonium states (i.e, the binding energy and mass spectra, dissociation temperature and thermodynamical properties in the N-dimensional space). We have determined the binding energy of the ground states of quarkonium with magnetic field and dimensionality number. We have also determined the effects of magnetic field and dimensionality number on mass spectra for ground states of quarkonia. But main result is quite noticeable for the values of dissociation temperature in terms of magnetic field and dimensionality number for ground states of quarkonia after using the criteria of dissociation energy. At last, we have also calculated the thermodynamical properties of QGP (i.e., pressure, energy density and speed of sound) using the parameter eB with ideal equation of states (EoS).Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Study of Differential Scattering Cross-section using Yukawa term of medium-modified Cornell potential

In the present work we have studied the Differential Scattering Cross-section for ground states of charmonium and bottomonium in the frame work of the medium modified form of quark-antiquark potential and Born-approximation using the non-relativistic quantum chromo-dynamics approach. To reach this end, quasi-particle (QP) Debye mass depending upon baryonic chemical potential ($\mu$b) and temperature has been employed and hence the variation of Differential Scattering Cross-section with baryonic chemical potential and temperature at fixed value of the scattering angle ($\theta=90^\circ$) has been studied. The variation of Differential Scattering Cross-section with scattering angle $\theta$ (in degree) at fixed temperature and baryonic chemical potential has also been studied. We have also studied the effect of impact parameter and transverse momentum on differential scattering cross-section at $\theta=90^\circ$.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures (Accepted in advances in High Energy Physics Journal

Unlocking the Benefits of Outbound Incentive Travel: A Comprehensive Review Study

Purpose The objective of this research was to contribute to the literature on incentive travel programs and provide a foundation for future research in this area. To highlight the social implications of outbound incentive travel programs, including their potential impact on employee well-being, customer relationships, tourism, economic development, and the environment. Theoretical Framework A framework for knowledge generation and theory development in incentive travel is attempted through the literature review.   Design/ Method / approach A chronological analysis of the literature on incentive travel and event tourism is the focal point of this study. With reference to seminal contributions, key terms and concepts are underlined. Journals, publications, and research pertaining to this topic have been reviewed using content analysis. Each article was subjected to a series of content analyses, where the type of content, nature of the research, theme and sub-theme, publication year, type of journals, area or city focus, type of data and analysis tool used, respondent and author profile were all taken into consideration. A total of 45 papers were categorized according to the year they were published and then analyzed using the descriptive analysis approach. Findings The findings of the study are likely to provide a comprehensive understanding of outbound incentive travel programs and their potential benefits and challenges, and offer practical guidance for organizations looking to implement these programs in a responsible and effective manner.   Research, Practical & Social implications The study may identify gaps in the existing literature on outbound incentive travel programs, highlighting areas for future research and exploration.   Originality/ value the study has the potential to contribute to both academic research and practical applications related to outbound incentive travel programs, and may have broader implications for organizational culture, values, and social responsibility

Servo Controlled Automatic Voltage Stabilizer with Higher & Lower Cut-Off

: In this modernized world each & every industries contains a large machines, equipments, computers, communication equipments, process controllers, etc. To get the desired output this system should be stable. In large industries the small variation in input voltage can cause heavy loss which is very dangerous to operators and machinery & also results in heavy financial loss. May types of voltage stabilizers are available in market. In these stabilizers the output is changed manually with switch to maintain output voltage constant. But during peak period this manual operation of stabilizer has to be done frequently. This paper presents low cost servo controlled voltage stabilizer which rectifies the problem