1,785 research outputs found
A Bayesian construction of asymptotically unbiased estimators
A differential geometric framework to construct an asymptotically unbiased
estimator of a function of a parameter is presented. The derived estimator
asymptotically coincides with the uniformly minimum variance unbiased
estimator, if a complete sufficient statistic exists. The framework is based on
the maximum a posteriori estimation, where the prior is chosen such that the
estimator is unbiased. The framework is demonstrated for the second-order
asymptotic unbiasedness (unbiased up to for a sample of size ).
The condition of the asymptotic unbiasedness leads the choice of the prior such
that the departure from a kind of harmonicity of the estimand is canceled out
at each point of the model manifold. For a given estimand, the prior is given
as an integral. On the other hand, for a given prior, we can address the bias
of what estimator can be reduced by solving an elliptic partial differential
equation. A family of invariant priors, which generalizes the Jeffreys prior,
is mentioned as a specific example. Some illustrative examples of applications
of the proposed framework are provided.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figure
Size dependent line broadening in the emission spectra of single GaAs quantum dots: Impact of surface charges on spectral diffusion
Making use of droplet epitaxy, we systematically controlled the height of
self-assembled GaAs quantum dots by more than one order of magnitude. The
photoluminescence spectra of single quantum dots revealed the strong dependence
of the spectral linewidth on the dot height. Tall dots with a height of ~30 nm
showed broad spectral peaks with an average width as large as ~5 meV, but
shallow dots with a height of ~2 nm showed resolution-limited spectral lines
(<120 micro eV). The measured height dependence of the linewidths is in good
agreement with Stark coefficients calculated for the experimental shape
variation. We attribute the microscopic source of fluctuating electric fields
to the random motion of surface charges at the vacuum-semiconductor interface.
Our results offer guidelines for creating frequency-locked photon sources,
which will serve as key devices for long-distance quantum key distribution.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures; updated figs and their description
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Perennial Ryegrass (\u3ci\u3eLolium Perenne\u3c/i\u3e L.)
An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method has several advantages. However, this method has no example of success in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Since Lolium species are outcrossing, one cultivar consists of many genotypes. Each genotype can show a different ability for callus formation and plant regeneration (Takahashi et al., 2004). Thus, it is important to select a good genotype for efficient and stable transformation. If the plant is maintained in vitro, we can perform transformation using calli induced from shoot tips of the same genotype at any time. Our objective is to confirm an A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for perennial ryegrass and to screen for suitable genotype
Influence of molecular weight and cristallinity of poly(L-lactic acid) on the adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblast like cells
The molecular weight and crystallinity of systems based on poly(L-lactic acid) PLLA is
an important issue as it can influence, besides the general physical properties of the polymer, the
patterns of cell adhesion, proliferation and cell morphology. The objective of the present study was
to evaluate how crystallinity and molecular weight of PLLA influence the referred parameters. Four
conditions were tested: low molecular weight amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA disks, and
high molecular weight amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA disks, obtained from hot press. The
thermal properties of the studied materials were accessed by differential scanning calorimetry. For
the cell culture studies a human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2) was chosen. Disks were immersed
in a cell suspension containing 5x104 cells/ml and kept in culture for periods up to two weeks. Cell
viability and proliferation of SaOS-2 cells was assessed by MTS test and a total protein assay,
respectively. The adhesion and morphology of SaOS-2 cells on PLLA disks was assessed by
scanning electronic microscopy. Results showed that cell viability was not affected by the different
tested conditions. However, cell proliferation was increased in the high molecular weight
amorphous samples and cells seemed to have higher adhesion patterns on semi-crystalline samples.
This is probably happening due to different rates of integrin interaction with the substrate leading to
different patterns of focal adhesion points formation.(undefined
Crown Rust Resistance of Italian Ryegrass Cultivar ‘Axis’ to an Isolate from Japan
Crown rust (Puccinia coronata) is one the most serious diseases of Italian ryegrass. Crown rust resistance genes in Italian ryegrass have been identified from \u27Yamaiku130\u27 and ‘Harukaze’. The aim of this study was to identify novel major resistance genes for gene pyramiding in order to develop cultivars with high levels of durable resistance to crown rus
Multiwavelength and polarization lidar measurements of Asian dust layers over Tsukuba, Japan: a case study
International audienceElastic and polarization lidar was used to measure the vertical profiles of aerosol backscattering coefficients at wavelengths of 355, 532, 735, and 1064 nm, and the depolarization ratio at 532 nm in order to study the aerosol properties in the free troposphere over Tsukuba, Japan, in 2006. An elevated dust layer was observed at altitudes between 3 and 8.5 km on 1 April during the Asian dust period. The wavelength exponents of the aerosol backscattering coefficient (k) were ?0.1 to 0.5, and the depolarization ratio (?p) was 25% for the dust layer, suggesting the predominance of supermicrometer-sized (coarse mode) nonspherical particles. An aerosol layer observed at altitudes between 1.5 and 5 km on 19 October during the less-dust period exhibited the values of k=1.0 to 1.6 and ?p=1 to 13%, suggesting the predominance of submicrometer-sized (fine mode) particles. In those layers, the values of k and ?p varied with height; they were also negatively correlated, suggesting that the proportion of the coarse nonspherical particles to total particles varied. The particle size distributions estimated from the observed values and the theoretical computation revealed number mode radii of 0.3 &mum; for the coarse mode and 0.1 &mum; for the fine mode, assuming bimodal distribution. These results were consistent with those obtained from the sky-radiometer measurements, although they revealed another mode in the larger radius. The column volume concentration derived from the lidar was 48% lower than that derived from the sky-radiometer on 1 April and 16% lower on 19 October. The optical thickness derived from the lidar was 12% lower than that obtained from the sky-radiometer on 1 April and 29% higher on 19 October. Further case study is necessary to validate the method for estimating aerosol properties based on the lidar measurement
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