On cost-effective reuse of components in the design of complex reconfigurable systems

Design strategies that benefit from the reuse of system components can reduce costs while maintaining or increasing dependability—we use the term dependability to tie together reliability and availability. D3H2 (aDaptive Dependable Design for systems with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous redundancies) is a methodology that supports the design of complex systems with a focus on reconfiguration and component reuse. D3H2 systematizes the identification of heterogeneous redundancies and optimizes the design of fault detection and reconfiguration mechanisms, by enabling the analysis of design alternatives with respect to dependability and cost. In this paper, we extend D3H2 for application to repairable systems. The method is extended with analysis capabilities allowing dependability assessment of complex reconfigurable systems. Analysed scenarios include time-dependencies between failure events and the corresponding reconfiguration actions. We demonstrate how D3H2 can support decisions about fault detection and reconfiguration that seek to improve dependability while reducing costs via application to a realistic railway case study

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA (SM) IN THE CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) CENTRE OF GENOVA

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Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Pico Hydropower Application: A Parametrical Study

A pico hydropower plant is an energy harvesting system that allows energy production using the power of the water flowing in small watercourses, and in water distribution network. Axial Flow Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (AFPMSG) are particularly suitable for this application, being efficient machines that achieve high power with small dimensions. This paper presents a parametrical study of several configurations and topologies of three-phase and single-phase AFPMSG, for pico hydropower application, to assess the most suitable dimensional characteristics for the most energy production using a safe voltage of 25 V. The AFPMSGs here considered has a simple single stator and rotor configuration, commercial-type permanent magnets, and concentric windings, to facilitate their cost-effective construction and the spread of their use also in developing countries. For each AFPMSG considered, the power output was calculated using 3-D modelling and Finite Element Analysis; besides, the different parameters and features that affect the power output were evaluated at different rotational speeds. The results achieving a power density up to 100 W/cm(3), at 1000 rpm with energy produced to 1.7 kWh/day

A general method to construct invariant PDEs on homogeneous manifolds

Let M = G/H be an (n + 1)-dimensional homogeneous manifold and Jk(n,M) =: Jk be the manifold of k-jets of hypersurfaces of M. The Lie group G acts naturally on each Jk. A G-invariant partial differential equation of order k for hypersurfaces of M (i.e., with n independent variables and 1 dependent one) is defined as a G-invariant hypersurface E of Jk. We describe a general method for constructing such invariant partial differential equations for k>1. The problem reduces to the description of hypersurfaces, in a certain vector space, which are invariant with respect to the linear action of the stability subgroup H(k-1) of the (k-1)-prolonged action of G. We apply this approach to describe invariant partial differential equations for hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space n+1 and in the conformal space n+1. Our method works under some mild assumptions on the action of G, namely: A1) the group G must have an open orbit in Jk-1, and A2) the stabilizer H(k-1) in G of the fiber Jk → Jk-1 must factorize via the group of translations of the fiber itself

Confronto fra valutazioni del run-up fatte con un modello matematico e una formula empirica con misure di campo

La posizione planimetrica della linea di riva, soli tamente, viene determinata attraverso l\u2019uso di immagini aeree ed utilizzata pe r la ricostruzione dell\u2019evoluzione storica dei litorali. Tuttavia, le informazioni est ratte da tali immagini, descrivendo il confine istantaneo acqua-terra, consentono l\u2019indivi duazione della linea di riva esclusivamente come limite asciutto-bagnato proprio nel momento della ripresa. Per una pi\uf9 corretta localizzazione della linea di riva , \ue8 quindi necessario quantificare, oltre agli effetti di marea e di trasporto solido, gli effetti prodotti dal moto ondoso su tale posizione e in particolare il cosiddetto ru n-up. Nel presente lavoro si studia il run-up in una spia ggia naturale a debole pendenza ricadente nella Sicilia occidentale. Lo studio geom orfologico del sito precede lo studio idraulico, che partendo dalle misure di onde al largo, attraverso la loro trasposizione e la propagazione simulata con un mod ello matematico, porta alla stima delle onde sotto costa. Queste ultime sono ut ilizzate per valutare il run-up sia mediante una nota formula empirica sia utilizzando un modello numerico alla Boussinesq con una nuova condizione al contorno per la linea di riva. Il confronto dei risultati con le misure di campo mostra che i r isultati migliori si ottengono con la formula empirica, nella quale \ue8 tuttavia necessa rio calibrare i coefficienti con misure in situ

Olfactory evaluation in obstructive sleep apnoea patients

The sense of smell has a high impact on the quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate olfactory dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and correlate the severity of disease with olfactory dysfunction. The relationships between nasal obstruction, nasal mucociliary cleareance and olfactory tests were also evaluated. Sixty patients with a diagnosis of OSAS were enrolled and underwent olfactory function evaluation. In all patients olfactory performance was tested with the Sniffin’ Sticks method. Mucociliary transport times and anterior rhinomanometry were performed to identify eventual nasal obstruction and deficits in nasal mucociliary clearance. Olfactory dysfunction was present in 22 (36.6%) patients of the study group: of these, hyposmia was present in 19 (86.4%) and anosmia in 3 (13.6%). The mean TDI score in the study group was 30. A strong correlation between the olfactory dysfunction and severity of sleep apnoea measured using the AHI was found. Patients with OSA would seem to have a high incidence of olfactory dysfunction. The degree of olfactory dysfunction appears to be related to the severity of disease. However, other co-factors such as nasal obstruction and reduced mucociliary clearance might also play a role in of the aetiology of this condition

Preliminary study on a kinetic energy recovery system for sailing yachts

This paper presents the preliminary theoretical results obtained on a model of a kinetic energy recovery system for sailing yachts, based on the conversion of wave-induced boat oscillations (heave, pitch and roll) into electric energy by means of a linear generator. The recovery system is based on a linear generator, with a mass oscillating along the vertical axis and gaining kinetic energy: the resulting mechanical energy can be extracted (by means of electromagnetic damping) and converted into electricity. The oscillating mass incorporates permanent magnets which, moving in proximity of stator windings, generate electric power due to electromagnetic induction. The device aims at recovering as much kinetic energy as possible from the natural movements of a sailing yacht on the sea, therefore taking the view of a boat as a moving wave energy converter with energy harvesting capability. The boat's motions can be vertical oscillations due to the buoyancy in the presence of sea waves, both when the boat is still or sailing, and rolling and pitching motions originated both by sailing in wavy waters and by the normal boat dynamics due to the sails' propulsion. Linear generators will convert kinetic energy into electrical energy to be used as “green” electricity for any possible application on board. Preliminary calculations show that a properly configured system could be able to recover approximately 100 W under most sea conditions on an almost continuous basis, which can be an extremely attractive result since an electric energy availability of 1–2 kWh on a sailing yacht is of significant interest

Plasmonic Light Trapping in Titania–Silver Dots Thin Films

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a transparent dielectric matrix represent a very intriguing system due to the plasmonic absorption tunable in the range of visible wavelengths. Herein, the preparation and physical characterization of plasmonic titania–silver dots thin films are reported. The synthesis parameter that leads to making a TiO2 matrix in which the Ag NPs are actually incorporated is carefully analyzed and controlled. Morphological (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy), structural (selected area diffraction, X-ray diffraction), and spectroscopic (Raman spectroscopy) characterization techniques attest that the Ag NPs are spherical and homogeneously distributed into the TiO2 dielectric matrix in the structural modification of anatase. The study of the optical properties of films concludes the work. Plasmonic resonance is analyzed according to the light scattering theory