Evaluation of changes in rat fatigability and biochemical parameters after oral and intra-peritoneal administration of adenosine tri phosphate: an experimental study

Background: Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) is an important intracellular energy source and has many extracellular functions meadiacating through purine receptors. Currently ATP is available in the market as oral dietary supplement. However there are inconclusive studies regarding its efficacy through oral route. Hence this study was carried out to evaluate efficacy of oral and intraperitoneal administration of ATP in experimental rats by comparing swim exhaust time and associated biochemical changes.Methods: 18 Swiss albino rats of either gender were grouped randomly into three groups, consisting of group -1 control group which receive distilled water (5ml/kg body weight) whereas group 2 and 3 received oral and intraperitoneal ATP (60mg/kg body weight) for 8 days. On 8th day all rats all rats were evaluated for extent of physical fatigue by using exhaustive swimming test time required to attain immobility status is noted. Under aseptic precautions blood samples were drawn from rat tail vein and biochemical parameters like uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, random blood sugar and c-reactive protein levels were measured.Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum uric acid, blood sugar and urea in Group 2and3 compared control group 1. There was no statistically significant increase in physical strength in group 2 and 3 as compared to group 1.Conclusions: Oral and intraperitoneal administration of ATP may lead to hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia and dyslipidaemia without significant increase in muscle strength

Forward Secrecy in Authentic and Anonymous Cloud with Time Optimization

In recent days Cloud computing is a rising technique which offers data sharing with more efficient, effective and economical approaches between group members. To create an authentic and anonymous data sharing, IDentity based Ring Signature (ID-RS) is one of the promising technique between the groups. Ring signature scheme permits the manager or data owner to authenticate into the system in anonymous manner. In conventional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) data sharing scheme contains certificate authentication process, which is a bottleneck because of its high cost. To avoid this problem, we proposed Cost Optimized Identity based Ring Signature with forward secrecy (COIRS) scheme. This scheme helps to remove the traditional certificate verification process. Only once the user needs to be verified by the manager giving his public details, then the cost and time required for this process is comparatively

Coirs: cost optimized identity based ring signature with forward secrecy in cloud computing

In recent days Cloud computing is a rising technique which offers data sharing with more efficient, effective and economical approaches between group members. To create an authentic and anonymous data sharing, IDentity based Ring Signature (ID-RS) is one of the promising technique between the groups. Ring signature scheme permits the manager or data owner to authenticate into the system in anonymous manner. In conventional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) data sharing scheme contains certificate authentication process, which is a bottleneck because of its high cost. To avoid this problem, we proposed Cost Optimized Identity based Ring Signature with forward secrecy (COIRS) scheme. This scheme helps to remove the traditional certificate verification process. Only once the user needs to be verified by the manager giving his public details. The cost and time required for this process is comparatively less than traditional public key infrastructure. If the secret key holder has been compromised, all early generated signatures remains valid (Forward Secrecy). This paper discuss about how to optimize the time and cost when sharing the files to the cloud. We provide a protection from collision attack, which means revoked users will not get the original documents. In general better efficiency and secrecy can be provided for group sharing by applying above approache

Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) – Prerequisites, Rationale and Challenges during COVID 19 Pandemic

Personal protective equipment (PPE) usage is pivotal in prevention of COVID19. Access to PPE for health workers has become a key concern. Electronic databases were searched for studies, guidelines, reports and policies on PPE, COVID19 and respiratory infections. In total 20 research articles were included, 10 guidelines and 06 reports from various health organization and National governments were included. There are different types of masks available, it is essential to understand the role of each kind of mask in preventing the spread. Minimizing the need for PPE in health care settings, ensuring rational and appropriate use of PPE and Coordinating PPE supply chain management mechanisms are key strategies in addressing global PPE shortage. Ensuring consistent PPE standards and guidance on quality control of the PPE will help in better infection control. We need to apply a risk-based approach based on purpose of use, risk of exposure, vulnerability, setting, feasibility and type of PPE. Government of India is taking several steps and have deliberated on the adequacy and quality of PPEs. Prevention and mitigation measures are the key for prevention of transmission in the Community which include Hand hygiene, Respiratory hygiene, maintaining social distance of two metre and wearing an appropriate PPE. Adequate provision of good quality PPE is just the first step in promoting the safety of health care workers and containing the spread of COVID 19

Correlation of spot urine protein-creatinine ratio with 24-hour urinary protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A cross sectional study

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause for chronic renal failure (CRF) and proteinuria is an independent risk factor for end stage renal disease. Hence, early identification and quantification of proteinuria is of prime importance in the diagnosis and management. Methods: This study was conducted amongst 42 diabetic subjects from HSK hospital, Bagalkot. Twenty four-hour urine protein and random urine protein to creatinine ratio (P:C) was determined. Pearson′s correlation, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined using 24-hour urinary protein as a gold standard for spot urine P:C ratio. ROC curve and area under curve was also determined using SPSS (11.5) software. All the results were expressed in mean±SD. Results: Forty two diabetes mellitus patients participated in this study. The average of 24 hour urinary protein was 1.6 ± 1.7 gm/day. The spot urine P:C ratio was 1.27 ± 1.55. There was a positive correlation between 24 hours urinary protein and spot urine P:C ratio (r = 0.925, p < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for urine P:C ratio at various cutoff was 0.947 (95% confidence interval: 0.831-0.992, p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity was 80.65% and 100% respectively at P:C ratio cutoff of 0.3. Conclusions: The random urine P:C ratio predicts the amount of 24-hour urinary protein excretion with high accuracy. Hence it can be used as a faster diagnostic substitute for 24-hour urinary protein estimation

Comparative study of serum MDA and vitamin C levels in non-smokers, chronic smokers and chronic smokers with acute myocardial infarction in men

Background: It is a well-known fact that there is increased oxidative stress and decreased serum antioxidant levels in smokers than in non-smokers. In this study, the aim was to compare the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product and vitamin C, an antioxidant, between non- smokers (Group A) and chronic smokers (Group B) and also between chronic smokers (Group B) and chronic smokers with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (Group C). Methods: Thirty six non-smokers and 36 chronic smokers appropriately matched with AMI patients were selected. Thirty six smokers with AMI were selected from Hanagal Kumareshwara hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. Fasting blood sample was collected in group A and group B. In AMI patients, blood sample was collected before any intervention. Serum levels of MDA and vitamin C were estimated. Statistical analysis was done by t test using SPSS version 11. The p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The MDA and vitamin C were compared between Group A and Group B and also between Group B and Group C. There was a significant rise in MDA (p<0.0001) and significant decrease in vitamin C (p<0.01) in Group B compared to Group A. There was a significant rise in MDA (p<0.0001) and significant decrease in vitamin C (p<0.001) in Group C compared to Group B. Conclusions: The increase in serum MDA level and decrease in vitamin C was found in chronic smokers compared to non-smokers. It was also found that there is increase in serum MDA and decrease in vitamin C in smokers with AMI compared with smokers without AMI, and the reason for this inter-subject variability of MDA and vitamin C levels may be due to gene-environmental factors

Evaluation of changes in rat fatigability and biochemical parameters after oral and intra-peritoneal administration of adenosine tri phosphate: an experimental study

Background: Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) is an important intracellular energy source and has many extracellular functions meadiacating through purine receptors. Currently ATP is available in the market as oral dietary supplement. However there are inconclusive studies regarding its efficacy through oral route. Hence this study was carried out to evaluate efficacy of oral and intraperitoneal administration of ATP in experimental rats by comparing swim exhaust time and associated biochemical changes.Methods: 18 Swiss albino rats of either gender were grouped randomly into three groups, consisting of group -1 control group which receive distilled water (5ml/kg body weight) whereas group 2 and 3 received oral and intraperitoneal ATP (60mg/kg body weight) for 8 days. On 8th day all rats all rats were evaluated for extent of physical fatigue by using exhaustive swimming test time required to attain immobility status is noted. Under aseptic precautions blood samples were drawn from rat tail vein and biochemical parameters like uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, random blood sugar and c-reactive protein levels were measured.Results: There was a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in serum uric acid, blood sugar and urea in Group 2and3 compared control group 1. There was no statistically significant increase in physical strength in group 2 and 3 as compared to group 1.Conclusions: Oral and intraperitoneal administration of ATP may lead to hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia and dyslipidaemia without significant increase in muscle strength

Crystal structure of ATP-binding subunit of an ABC transporter from Geobacillus kaustophilus

The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, represent one of the largest superfamilies of primary transporters, which are very essential for various biological functions. The crystal structure of ATP-binding subunit of an ABC transporter from Geobacillus kaustophilus has been determined at 1.77 angstrom resolution. The crystal structure revealed that the protomer has two thick arms, (arm I and II), which resemble `L' shape. The ATP-binding pocket is located close to the end of arm I. ATP molecule is docked into the active site of the protein. The dimeric crystal structure of ATP-binding subunit of ABC transporter from Geobacillus kaustophilus has been compared with the previously reported crystal structure of ATP-binding subunit of ABC transporter from Salmonella typhimurium. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved