Face Recognition: Demystification of Multifarious Aspect in Evaluation Metrics

Face recognition has become an interesting research area in the recent era, and blends knowledge from various disciplines such as neuroscience, psychology, statistics, data mining, computer vision, pattern recognition, image processing, and machine learning. A new opportunity is obtained using the application of statistical methods for evaluating the performance of the system. Evaluation methods are the yardstick to examine the efficiency and performance of any face recognition system. Methods for performance evaluation seek to distinguish, compare, and interpret the various factors such as characteristics of subjects, location, illumination, and images. In this chapter, we show how to adapt popular performance measures commonly used in face recognition research, including—precision, recall, F-measure, fallout, accuracy, efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, error rate, receiver operating characteristics (ROC). This work serves as an introduction to performance measures, and as a practical guide for using them in research

Phytochemical Investigation and Evaluation of Antiatherogenic & Antioxidant Activities of Cordia Obliqua in Wistar Rat Fed with High Fat Diet

The present study was clearly indicated ethanolic extract of Cordia obliqua showed strong antioxidant activity when compared with pet. ether and ethyl acetate extracts. Therefore, further investigations need to be carried out to isolate and identify the antioxidant compounds present in the ethanolic plant extract

Zinc finger nucleases: custom-designed molecular scissors for genome engineering of plant and mammalian cells

Custom-designed zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), proteins designed to cut at specific DNA sequences, are becoming powerful tools in gene targeting—the process of replacing a gene within a genome by homologous recombination (HR). ZFNs that combine the non-specific cleavage domain (N) of FokI endonuclease with zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) offer a general way to deliver a site-specific double-strand break (DSB) to the genome. The development of ZFN-mediated gene targeting provides molecular biologists with the ability to site-specifically and permanently modify plant and mammalian genomes including the human genome via homology-directed repair of a targeted genomic DSB. The creation of designer ZFNs that cleave DNA at a pre-determined site depends on the reliable creation of ZFPs that can specifically recognize the chosen target site within a genome. The (Cys(2)His(2)) ZFPs offer the best framework for developing custom ZFN molecules with new sequence-specificities. Here, we explore the different approaches for generating the desired custom ZFNs with high sequence-specificity and affinity. We also discuss the potential of ZFN-mediated gene targeting for ‘directed mutagenesis’ and targeted ‘gene editing’ of the plant and mammalian genome as well as the potential of ZFN-based strategies as a form of gene therapy for human therapeutics in the future

The Differentiation and Stress Response Factor XBP-1 Drives Multiple Myeloma Pathogenesis

Multiple myeloma (MM) evolves from a highly prevalent premalignant condition termed MGUS. The factors underlying the malignant transformation of MGUS are unknown. We report a MGUS/MM phenotype in transgenic mice with Eμ-directed expression of the XBP-1 spliced isoform (XBP-1s), a factor governing unfolded protein/ER stress response and plasma-cell development. Eμ-XBP-1s elicited elevated serum Ig and skin alterations. With age, Eμ-xbp-1s transgenics develop features diagnostic of human MM, including bone lytic lesions and subendothelial Ig deposition. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles of Eμ-xbp-1s lymphoid and MM cells show aberrant expression of known human MM dysregulated genes. The similarities of this model with the human disease, coupled with documented frequent XBP-1s overexpression in human MM, serve to implicate XBP-1s dysregulation in MM pathogenesis

Password Based Distribution Panel and Circuit Breaker Operation for the Safety of Lineman during Maintenance Work

Security is the prime concern in our day to day life while performing any activity. In the current scenario, accidental death of lineman is often read and evidenced. In this direction, a safety measure to safe guard the operator is found very necessary looking into the present working style. The electric lineman safety system is designed to control the control panel doors and circuit breaker by using a password for the safety. Critical electrical accidents to lineman are on the rise during electric line repair may be due to lack of communication and co-ordination between the maintenance staff and electric substation staff. The proposed system provides a solution that ensures safety of lineman. The control to turn ON or OFF the line is maintained by the lineman. The system has an arrangement such that a password is required to operate the doors of the control panel and circuit breaker (ON/OFF). A secured password is requested and received from the control room by the lineman for the point of repair or service. This request is registered and a password is sent to the lineman’s mobile and control panel GSM module for the further work. The password is entered through the matrix keypad which is interfaced to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The entered password is compared with the password received by the control panel GSM receiver. If the entered password is correct then the circuit breaker ON/OFF and door OPEN/CLOSE feature is enabled for the lineman to take up repair. Any intruder tries to operate the mechanism with the wrong password by three times it will display a message in the LCD display and a message is sent to the control room regarding unauthorized accessing of the system for the safety reasons

Sero-epidemiological survey of SARS-Cov2 in urban slums of a capital city: A cross- sectional study

Introduction: Slums are the most vulnerable settlements for COVID-19 infection due to overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine the level of seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 infection among slum dwellers. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted at several slums of Patna over four weeks, that is, January 20–February 20, 2021. A total of 650 participants were recruited in the study by applying a two-stage random sampling technique. Results: Seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody was found to be 31.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27.9–35.1). The seropositivity prevalence was found to be statistically higher among participants belonging to the age group of 18–30 years (41.1%), male gender (67.9%), high-risk occupation (70%), below poverty line (BPL) economic status (62.1%), and residing in a hut (51.2%) and kutcha house (42.4%). Further, 262 participants reported having COVID-like symptoms in the preceding 1 month of the survey, which was found to be significantly associated with the seropositivity status. Conclusion: The finding of the study reflects that a moderate seroprevalence level of COVID-19 infection was acquired in the slum settings of Bihar. Unchecked spread in these informal communities will pose a serious threat to the rest of the bigger sections of urban populations. This indirectly calls for early intervention in the form of preference in the roadmap of COVID-19 vaccination

One-hybrid system for detection of ZF–DNA interactions () Schematic of genetic selection system for interrogating ZF–DNA interactions

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Zinc finger nucleases: custom-designed molecular scissors for genome engineering of plant and mammalian cells"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(18):5978-5990.</p><p>Published online 26 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1270952.</p><p>© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> () Plasmids for one-hybrid genetic selection system. The reporter gene, either chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), or GFP is located downstream from a weak derivative promoter (P) on pDB series plasmids. A 9 bp target site for binding by the ZF is located at a specific distance from the start of transcription. On the pA series of plasmids, the gene for the ZF is fused to a fragment of the α-subunit of RNA polymerase ([]) via a sequence coding for an amino acid linker. Binding of the RpoA[1–248]–ZF fusion to the 9 bp site in the reporter plasmid recruits the other RNA polymerase subunits to stimulate transcription of the reporter gene

Proteomic analyses of ECM during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression reveal different contributions by tumor and stromal cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) that compromises treatments yet cannot be nonselectively disrupted without adverse consequences. ECM of PDAC, despite the recognition of its importance, has not been comprehensively studied in patients. In this study, we used quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to characterize ECM proteins in normal pancreas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)- and PDAC-bearing pancreas from both human patients and mouse genetic models, as well as chronic pancreatitis patient samples. We describe detailed changes in both abundance and complexity of matrisome proteins in the course of PDAC progression. We reveal an early upregulated group of matrisome proteins in PanIN, which are further upregulated in PDAC, and we uncover notable similarities in matrix changes between pancreatitis and PDAC. We further assigned cellular origins to matrisome proteins by performing MS on multiple lines of human-to-mouse xenograft tumors. We found that, although stromal cells produce over 90% of the ECM mass, elevated levels of ECM proteins derived from the tumor cells, but not those produced exclusively by stromal cells, tend to correlate with poor patient survival. Furthermore, distinct pathwayswere implicated in regulating expression of matrisome proteins in cancer cells and stromal cells. We suggest that, rather than global suppression of ECM production, more precise ECM manipulations, such as targeting tumor-promoting ECM proteins and their regulators in cancer cells, could be more effective therapeutically