ENT foreign bodies: profile of the cases seen at a tertiary hospital emergency care unit

Individuals often seek help with foreign bodies (FB) in their ears, noses, and throats. Proper recognition, study, and management of foreign bodies is required to prevent complications.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the profile of the patients seen for FB at a reference otorhinolaryngology emergency care unit between February of 2010 and January of 2011.METHOD:Cross-sectional retrospective historical cohort study based on digitized patient charts.RESULTS:FB accounted for 827 cases and 5.3% of all patients seen in the ENT emergency unit. Children were affected more frequently, particularly when aged 8 and under. No statistically significant differences were seen between genders. Foreign bodies were mostly located in the ears (64.4%), followed by the nasal fossae (19.5%), and the oropharynx (8.9%). Complications were seen in 4.5% of the cases, and 4.4% required general anesthesia to have the FB removed.CONCLUSION:In our ENT practice, foreign bodies were more commonly seen in children; the ears were the preferential site of occurrence. Complication rates and use of general anesthesia were low in our practice. It should be stressed that ENT foreign bodies need to be properly managed so as to avoid complications.A presença de corpo estranho (CE) nas orelhas, nariz ou garganta é uma queixa muito comum. Seu devido reconhecimento, estudo e manejo são necessários para que complicações sejam prevenidas.OBJETIVO:Analisar o perfil dos atendimentos a CE realizados em um pronto-socorro (PS) de Otorrinolaringologia (ORL) de referência, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011.MÉTODO:Estudo retrospectivo de coorte histórica com corte transversal, baseado na análise de fichas de pronto-atendimento digitalizadas.RESULTADOS:Foram realizados atendimentos a 827 casos de CE no período, representando 5,3% de todos os casos atendidos no PS-ORL. CE foi mais comumente encontrado em crianças, principalmente em ≤ 8 anos. Não houve diferença significativa entre gêneros. CE se localizaram mais frequentemente nas orelhas (64,4%), nas fossas nasais (19,5%) e na orofaringe (8,9%). A taxa geral de complicações foi 4,5% e a necessidade de anestesia geral para retirada do CE, 4,4%.CONCLUSÃO:CE em ORL é uma queixa comum, sendo mais comumente encontrados nas orelhas, principalmente em crianças. Baixas taxas de complicação e necessidade de anestesia geral foram registradas nos atendimentos realizados pelo otorrinolaringologista. Salienta-se, novamente, a importância do correto manejo de CE em ORL para a prevenção de complicações.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista De MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeca e PescocoUNIFESP, Escola Paulista De MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeca e PescocoSciEL

Localization of ectopic and supernumerary parathyroid glands in patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism: surgical description and correlation with preoperative ultrasonography and Tc99m-Sestamibi scintigraphy

Introduction:Hyperparathyroidism is an expected metabolic consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ectopic and/or supernumerary parathyroid glands (PT) may be the cause of surgical failure in patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy (PTX).Aim:To define the locations of ectopic and supernumerary PT in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism and to correlate intraoperative findings with preoperative tests.Materials and methods:A retrospective study was conducted with 166 patients submitted to PTX. The location of PT during surgery was recorded and classified as eutopic or ectopic. The preoperative localizations of PT found by ultrasonography (USG) and Tc99m-Sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) were subsequently compared with intraoperative findings.Results:In the 166 patients studied, 664 PT were found. Five-hundred-seventy-seven (86.4%) glands were classified as eutopic and 91(13.6%) as ectopic. Eight supernumerary PT were found. The most common sites of ectopic PT were in the retroesophageal and thymic regions. Taken together, USG and MIBI did not identify 56 (61.5%) ectopic glands. MIBI was positive for 69,7% of all ectopic glands located in the mediastinal and thymic regions.Conclusion:The presence of ectopic and supernumerary PT in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism is significant. Although preoperative imaging tests did not locate most of ectopic glands, MIBI may be important for identifying ectopic PT in the mediastinal and thymic regions.Introdução:O hiperparatireoidismo é uma consequência metabólica esperada na doença renal crônica (DRC). Paratireoides (PT) ectópicas e/ou supranumerárias podem ser causa de falha cirúrgica nos pacientes submetidos à paratireoidectomia total (PTX).Objetivo:Definir cirurgicamente a localização das PT, em pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo associado à DRC, e correlacionar esses achados com os exames pré-operatórios.Materiais e métodos:Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo com 166 pacientes submetidos à PTX. A localização das PT no intraoperatório foi registrada, sendo classificada como tópica ou ectópica. A localização pré-operatória, definida pela ultrassonografia (USG) e pela cintilografia Tc99m-Sestamibi (MIBI), foi comparada com aos achados cirúrgicos.Resultados:Nos 166 pacientes, foram identificadas 664 PT. Foram classificadas como tópicas e ectópicas 577 (86,4%) e 91(13,6%) glândulas, respectivamente. Oito PT supranumerárias foram encontradas (7 tópicas e 1 ectópica). As localizações mais comuns de PT ectópicas foram as regiões retroesofágica e tímica. Associadas, a USG e a MIBI não identificaram 56 glândulas (61,5%) ectópicas. Entretanto, a MIBI foi positiva para 69,7% daquelas localizadas nas regiões tímicas e mediastinal.Conclusão:A presença de glândulas ectópicas e supranumerárias em pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo associado à DRC é significativa. Os exames de imagem pré-operatórios não localizaram a maioria das glândulas ectópicas. A MIBI pode ter importância na identificação de PT nas regiões tímica e mediastinal.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeca e PescocoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de NefrologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Endocrinologia ClinicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeca e PescocoUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de NefrologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Endocrinologia ClinicaSciEL

Efficacy of syringe-irrigation topical therapy and the influence of the middle turbinate in sinus penetration of solutions

Abstract Introduction: Topical therapies are the best postoperative treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially those with high volume and pressure, such as the squeeze bottles. However, they are not an available option in Brazil, where irrigation syringes are used. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of topical sinonasal therapy with syringe and the influence of the middle turbinate on this process Methods: Intervention study in training models (S.I.M.O.N.T.). After standard dissection, three interventions were performed (Nasal Spray 4 puffs, 60-mL syringe and 240-mL Squeeze Bottle) with normal and Sutured Middle Turbinate. Images of each sinus were captured after the interventions, totalizing 144 images. The images were classified by 10 evaluators according to the amount of residual volume from zero to 3, with zero and 1 being considered poor penetration and 2 and 3, good penetration. The 1440 evaluations were used in this study. Results: Considering all middle turbinate situations, the amount of good penetrations were 8.1% for Spray; 68.3% for Syringe, and 78.3% for Squeeze (p < 0.0001). Considering all types of interventions, the Normal Middle Turbinate group had 48.2% of good penetrations and the Sutured Middle Turbinate, 55% (p = 0.01). Considering only the Sutured Middle Turbinates, there was no difference between the interventions with Syringe and Squeeze (76.3% vs. 80.4%; p = 0.27). Conclusion: Topical therapy of irrigation with a 60-mL syringe was more effective than that with nasal spray. The status of the middle turbinate proved to be fundamental and influenced topical therapy. Irrigation with syringe was as effective as the squeeze bottle when the middle turbinate was sutured to the nasal septum