Increased IGF-1: IGFBP-3 ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The development of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis is associated with altered synthesis and secretion of several growth factors. AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the potential implication of IGF-I and its major binding protein (IGFBP-3) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured in 150 healthy subjects, 40 patients with liver cirrhosis and 63 with liver cirrhosis and untreated hepatocellular carcinoma. The ratio between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 was also calculated. RESULTS: Serum IGF-I (70 ± 10 and 65 ± 7 vs. 185 ± 6.4 μg/l, P < 0.001) and IGFBP-3 levels (1225 ± 113 and 984 ± 67 vs. 3017 ± 80 μg/l, P < 0.001) were lower in patients with liver cirrhosis, without or with hepatocellular carcinoma, than in controls. Age was negatively correlated with IGF-I levels In patients with liver cirrhosis (r = -0.6; P = 0.0002) as well as in controls (r = -0.8, P < 0.0001), but not in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (r = -0.2; P = 0.2). Additionally, in patients with liver cirrhosis (r = -0.54; P = 0.0003) and more weakly in those with hepatocellular carcinoma (r = -0.24; P = 0.04) IGF-I levels were negatively correlated with liver failure measured according with Child class. Despite patients with class C hepatocellular carcinoma being older than those in the same functional class with cirrhosis (64 ± 2 vs. 57 ± 2 years, P < 0.01), they had a significantly increased IGF-I : IGFBP-3 ratio (0.18 ± 0.05 vs. 0.41 ± 0.09, P = 0.04), due mostly to increased IGF-I levels (27.1 ± 5.6 vs. 42 ± 6.2 μg/l) as IGFBP-3 levels were similar to patients with cirrhosis (734 ± 81 vs. 679 ± 83 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a higher IGF-I : IGFBP-3 ratio than that found in patients with liver cirrhosis and a similar degree of liver failure

Short- and long-term therapeutic efficacy of nutritional therapy and corticosteroids in paediatric Crohn's disease

Background. Comparative data on the therapeutic efficacy of different enteral nutrition formulas and corticosteroids to obtain clinical remission and to induce mucosal healing influencing long-term disease course in paediatric Crohn's disease are still scarce. Aims. To investigate the efficacy of nutritional therapy using three different formulas versus corticosteroids to achieve clinical remission as well as to induce intestinal mucosal healing in active Crohn's disease children. Duration of remission and effect on growth recovery were also assessed. Patients and methods. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histological data of all new diagnosed active Crohn's disease paediatric cases were retrospectively recorded and reviewed. Thirty-seven children (median age 12.1 years) received nutritional therapy (12 polymeric; 13 semi-elemental; 12 elemental diet) and 10 subjects (median age 12.4 years) received corticosteroids. Results. Similar clinical remission rate were observed after 8 weeks of treatment: 86.5% children receiving nutritional therapy versus 90% treated with corticosteroids. Improvement in mucosal inflammation occurred in 26 out of 37 (64.8%) patients on nutritional therapy and in 4 out of 10 (40%) children on steroids (p < 0.05). Finally, seven subjects on nutritional therapy and none on corticosteroids achieved complete mucosal healing (p < 0.005) at the end of the treatment. Nutritional therapy was more effective than corticosteroids in improving nutritional status and linear growth recovery. Compared to corticosteroids, the duration of clinical remission was longer in the nutritional therapy groups without differences among the three different formulas. Conclusions. In children with active Crohn's disease, nutritional therapy is more effective than corticosteroids to improve intestinal inflammation and to maintain a more sustained clinical remission. (c) 2005 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Oral beclometasone dipropionate in the treatment of extensive and left-sided active ulcerative colitis: a multicentre randomised study.

AIM: To explore the efficacy and safety of the topically acting steroid beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) in an oral controlled release formulation in the treatment of extensive or left-sided ulcerative colitis. METHODS: In a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, single-blind study, patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis were randomised to a 4-week treatment with BDP 5 mg/day o.d. vs. 5-ASA 0.8 g t.d.s. The primary efficacy variable was the decrease of Disease Activity Index (DAI) (clinical symptoms and endoscopic appearance of mucosa). Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events, vital signs, haematochemical parameters and adrenal function

Oral beclometasone dipropionate in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

AIM: To evaluate efficacy and safety of oral beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) when added to 5-ASA in the treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis. METHODS: In a 4-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, patients with extensive or left-sided mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis were randomized to receive oral 5-ASA (3.2 g/day) plus BDP (5 mg/day) or placebo. Clinical, endoscopic and histologic features, and haematochemical parameters were recorded at baseline and at the end of the study

Assessment of surgeon communication skills from the patient perspective: A national evaluation using the Communication Assessment Tool

Objective: The Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) has previously been translated and adapted to the Italian context. This national study aimed to validate the CAT and evaluate communication skills of practicing surgeons from the patient perspective. Methods: CAT consists of 14 items associated with a 5-point scale (5 = excellent); results are reported as the percent of ‘‘excellent’’ scores. It was administered to 920 consenting outpatients aged 18–84 in 26 Italian surgical departments. Results: The largest age group was 45–64 (43.8%); 52.2% of the sample was male. Scores ranged from 44.6% to 66.6% excellent. The highest-scoring items were “Treated me with respect” (66.6%), “Gave me as much information as I wanted” (66.3%) and “Talked in terms I could understand” (66.0%); the lowest was “Encouraged me to ask questions” (44.6%). Significant differences were associated with age (18–24 year old patients exhibited the lowest scores) and geographical location (Northern Italy had the highest scores). Conclusion: CAT is a valid tool for measuring communication in surgical settings. Practice Implications: Results suggest that expectations of young people for communication in surgical settings are not being met. While there is room to improve communication skills of surgeons across Italy, patients highlighted the greatest need in the Central and Southern regions