Alcune proposte metodologiche per l’impiego di un GIS intra-site nella documentazione di un relitto: l’applicazione sul brick Mercurio (Punta Tagliamento, Italia)

The wreck of the ship Mercurio lies at a depth of 17 m, off Punta Tagliamento, between the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions. It was discovered in 2001, and was excavated in 2001, and again between 2004 and 2011, by Carlo Beltrame (Università Ca’ Foscari) in collaboration with the local archaeological superintendency. It was a brigantine, belonging to an Italian-French squadron, sunk during the battle of Grado in the 1812. Problems typical of post-Medieval ships (especially when military), such as the complexity of the aspect because of the presence of metal concretions and a lot of items of different materials and typologies and the difficulties in documenting very small objects (such as the many buttons of uniforms) with the photogrammetrical system, were solved with the use of an intra-site GIS on a Quantum GIS open source application. The GIS allowed us not only to manage the large amount of information (site-plans, topological positions of the items, photos, etc.) produced during the excavations, but also to answer questions about the dynamics both of the sinking and the formation processes and, thanks to the use of a system of virtual frames, about the location of the nautical equipment, the links between the human skeletons and the personal objects and parts of the uniforms and the location of the caulker store-roo

Reduction of in-shell Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) aflatoxin contamination by ozone gas application during storage

The susceptibility of the in-shell Brazil nut mycoflora and aflatoxins (AFLs) contamination to ozone (O3) gas during storage is reported. In-shell Brazil nuts obtained from retail market were submitted to O3 gas atmosphere at different concentrations immediately before to be stored. Samples were collected just after the gas exposure and every 30 days during the storage period to carry on mycological tests and AFLs analysis. A sensorial evaluation by descriptive quality analysis was carried out to check treated nuts sensory attributes according to consumer acceptance after gas exposure. The O3 treatment applied within 5 h at 31 mg/L was able to successfully inhibit the viability of fungi of the nut-contaminating microflora and so the toxigenic Aspergillus species from the day of application. AFLs were totally degraded in all samples whatever O3 concentration applied. No significant changes on sensory attributes were observed that could affect nut acceptability  after the O3 treatments and storage conditions applied in the present experiment. This procedure is tentatively applied at an Amazon State nut factory for checking its potential in mycotoxin risk contamination of in-shell Brazil nuts safeguarding under the Amazon region environment. Keywords: In-shell Brazil nut, Ozone, Mycoflora, Aflatoxin, Storage, Sensory evaluation

Effect of oxygen reducing atmospheres on the quality and safety of stored shelled Brazil nut packs

High moisture content, relative humidity, temperature and environment rich in oxygen (O2) are the main factors for tree nuts to get infected by fungi and so aflatoxins (AFLs) contaminated. During storage and commercialization dry Brazil nuts packs need to maintain their safety and quality. Modified atmospheres in storage (macro-environment) and packaging (micro-environment) have been used to prolong food shelf life by reducing O2 concentration with inhibitory gases or, more recently, by adding O2 absorber pads. This work reports the application of O2 atmosphere reducing methods on stored shelled Brazil nut packs aiming fungi and AFL degradation as well as hygienic conditions improvements. The methods applied were: (a) ozone - O3, (b) carbon dioxide - CO2 and (c) O2 absorber pads with and without vacuum. Nuts were submitted to microbiological tests (fungi, aflatoxigenic strains, yeast and bacteria), moisture content and AFLs analysis. From all O2 reducing atmosphere evaluated, the best performance was obtained with O3. A reduction on fungi growth (1.8 x 104 cfu.g-1 to 2.6 x 10 cfu.g-1) and yeast destruction after the first month of storage were registered. Also O3 was the only nut treatment that was able to degrade AFLs. None of the spiked (AFLs: 15 ppb) nut samples O3 treated had AFLs detected up to the LOQ of the method (0.36 μg.kg-1 for AFB1+AFB2+AFG1+AFG2) i.e., much lower than the allowed by the European Union regulation (MRL: 4 and 2 ppb for total and AFB1, respectively), thus producing safer nuts. All other treatments stabilized and/or inhibited microorganisms growth. Add CO2 and O2 pads played an important role on nut quality. Further study will be carried out in order to adjust O3 concentration and application conditions for longer period of storage

Diversidade genética ente progênies de macaúba na fase de muda.

A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma palmeira arborescente, espinhosa, de até 20 m de altura. Conhecer a diversidade genética desta espécie é importante para o inicio do melhoramento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a divergência genética e agrupar 15 progênies de macaúba, baseado nas características da muda através de análise multivariada. Quinze matrizes de macaúba coletadas foram avaliadas quanto a duas características da planta na fase de muda. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e quinze genótipos. As características avaliadas das mudas com 12 meses de idade foram: Altura da Muda (cm) e Número de Folhas por muda. De acordo com os resultados obtidos para as características avaliadas observou-se a presença de variabilidade entre as 15 progênies. A existência de variabilidade genética entre as progênies permitiu separá-los pelo método de Tocher em oito grupos. As formações dos grupos variaram de uma a três progênies. O método utilizado agrupou as progênies com tendência da origem geográfica. Esta separação em grupos distintos é importante para o melhoramento genético da espécie

Protocolo de micropropagação para as espécies Piper hispidinervum e P. aduncum.

Este trabalho apresenta o protocolo de cultivo in vitro para as espécies Piper hispidinervum e P. aduncum, utilizando material oriundo de mudas obtidas por meio da germinação in vitro de sementes.bitstream/item/72680/1/24590.pd