Entrepreneurial approach for open innovation: opening new opportunities, mapping knowledge and highlighting gaps

Purpose Since the first definition of open innovation (OI), the indivisible relationship between this concept and entrepreneurship was undeniable. However, the exact mechanisms by which an entrepreneurial approach may benefit OI processes and vice versa are not yet fully understood. The study aims to offer an accurate map of the knowledge evolution of the OI-entrepreneurship relationship and interesting gaps to be filled in the future. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a bibliometric analysis, coupled with a systematic literature review performed over a data set of 106 peer-reviewed articles published from 2005 to 2020 to identify thematic clusters. Findings The results show five thematic clusters: entrepreneurial opportunities, organisational opportunities, strategic partnership opportunities, institutional opportunities and digital opportunities for OI. Investigating each of them, the authors created a framework that highlights future avenues for further developing the topic. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind to systematise, analyse and critically interpret the literature concerned with the topic of the OI-entrepreneurship

Environmental and energy performances optimization of a neighborhood in Tehran, via IMM® methodology.

Due to the fact that urbanization, as a dominating global development process, has been reached a dramatic measure, series of questions have been arisen about its environmental impacts. The urbanization soaring rate, which its impetus has been provided by unprecedented population growth, has had serious of direct consequences such as inconceivable and unbalanced consumption of natural resources and global warming rate acceleration. In such a dramatic circumstances how urban planning and governance could contribute to climate mitigation and emissions reduction? How urban vulnerability and urban resilience should be managed? Again, how urban transformation should be propelled in order to address these challenges. To demonstrate that sustainability and environmental efficiency is an urban issue this paper shows the application of IMM® (Integrated Modification Methodology) on Shahrak-e Golestan, a newly settled neighborhood located in District 22 of Tehran. Forming this neighborhood for accommodating a part of city’s growing population is a well representative of the common developing manners in Tehran, therefore the transformed model resulted from the study could be considered as a model for further developments of the other districts

The relation characteristics of personality of managers working in Iran University of Medical Sciences with success and desirable job

Background: Several studies suggest the existence of an effective relationship between individuals' characteristics and important factors such as occupational and organizational performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and etc. This study was designed based on the dimensions of personality (introversion/extroversion) of managers of Iran University of Medical Sciences at three levels (executive, middle and senior) with their career success rate. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, whose population was all managers of Iran University of Medical Sciences. To collect data, two valid and reliable questionnaires were used. The first questionnaire assessed personality characteristics of each director, and the second measured occupational success. Related tests such as Pearson correlation test and independent comparison (independent t-test) at a significance level of 0.05 were used for data analysis. Results: Findings revealed no significant relationship between variables of introversion and extroversion and occupational success among the senior managers, (p > 0.05). However, there was a direct but incomplete relationship between introversion and extroversion, which correlated with job success among middle and executives managers. Conclusion: It seems that in all three levels of managers, if the managers communicated more with employees and if the subject of communication was more of executive nature, the correlation rate would increase between extroversion and introversion with job success variables. Therefore, it is suggested to give attention to organizational interaction and communication, and contingency variables such as organization condition, structure, formality and complexity

Stakeholders' perspective on health equity and its indicators in Iran: A qualitative study

Background: To reduce the health inequity, it is necessary to measure and monitor these inequalities. In this regard, in Iran a plan was developed and accordingly 52 indicators to measure equity in health were developed and announced by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with other sectors. This study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of the development of health equity indicators and identify their implementation challenges and proposed solutions from the perspective of policy makers and executives responsible for the indicators development and implementation. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were gathered using semi-structured interviews with 15 Stakeholders involved in the development and implementation of these health equity indicators (at national and provincial levels), and the review and analysis of relevant documents including meeting minutes, working plans and working progress reports. Data were analyzed using a framework analysis approach. Results: Four main themes were identified, including the concept of equity in health and its importance, the use of health equity indicators and process of indicators development, challenges of development and implementation of the indicators and laying the groundwork for the establishment of indicators. The findings showed that policy makers' viewpoint on concepts and indicators is different from those of executives and their perceptions have little in common. The establishment of indicators requires accurate stakeholders' understanding and accurate insight into the issue of equity in health, political will, financing, training and empowerment of organization's employees, legal requirements, and finally a clear action plan. Conclusion: The development of the indicators requires a shared understanding among policy makers and executives. As the attention has been focused recently on the issue, in addition to knowledge improvement, proper solutions with an intersect oral collaboration approach in order to tackle challenges should be considered

Golpayegan metamorphic complex (Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran) as evidence for Cadomian back-arc magmatism: structure, geochemistry and isotopic data

The Golpayegan metamorphic complex is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran. This complex consists of various metamorphic rocks including schists, marbles, slates, gneisses, and amphibolites, most of them have Neoproterozoic age. The presence of structures such as sigma fabrics, boudinage, folded boudinage and interfering fold patterns indicates the occurrence of more than two deformation phases in the Golpayegan metamorphic complex. The measurement of strain intensity in the folds indicated deep immersion of structures and old Precambrian settings that had been influenced by orogenic events in the Neoproterozoic. These deformed rocks were exposed during extensional movements and, subsequently, sheared. The results based on field works shown geochemical relations and initial εNd(600 Ma) values of amphibolites in three sampling points located in Golpayegan region manifested that the protolith of the first (a') and second (b') sampling points had mantle origin (ortho-amphibolite), whilst protolith of the third (c') sampling point had sedimentary origin (para-amphibolite). Geochemically, the Golpayegan ortho-amphibolites showed subalkaline basalt-basaltic andesite compositions of tholeiitic affinity. The negative anomalies of Nb and Ti relative to Pb, La, and Ce in the primitive mantle-normalized spider-diagram and εNd(600 Ma) values revealed the subduction environment for ortho-amphibolites. The ortho-amphibolites exhibited the intermediate chemistry between the normal mid-ocean ridge basalt and island-arc tholeiitic basalt. Enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE), and relative depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) suggest the back-arc basin setting for the Golpayegan ortho-amphibolites. The primitive magma of the ortho-amphibolites was produced by 8–20% melting of spinel lherzolite. According to the Neoproterozoic age of the Golpayegan ortho-amphibolites and their relationship with the Golpayegan granitic gneiss (596‒578 Ma), it shows that they can be related to the Cadomian back-arc basin in the north of Peri-Gondwana at the Neoproterozoic. The high values of 87Sr/86Sr (0.708450‒0.714986) interpreted as result of seawater hydrothermal alteration.publishe

Influence of Al2O3 reinforcement on precipitation kinetic of Cu-Cr nanocomposite

In this paper, the kinetic of precipitation process in mechanically alloyed Cu-1 wt.% Cr and Cu-1 wt.% Cr/3 wt.% Al2O3 solid solution was compared using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ageing kinetics in Cu¿Cr and Cu¿Cr/Al2O3 can be described using Johnson¿Mehl¿Avrami (JMA) and Sestak¿Berggren (SB) models, respectively. These different behaviors have been discussed in details. It was found that in presence of Al2O3 reinforcement, the ageing activation energy is decreased and the overall ageing process is accelerated. This behavior is probably due to higher dislocation density previously obtained during ball milling and Al2O3¿Cu interface. TEM observations confirm that Al2O3¿Cu interface and structural defects act as a primary and secondary nucleation sites, respectively.Gobierno de España ENE 2007-67926-C02-0

Measuring equity in household's health care payments (Tehran-Iran 2013): Technical points for health policy decision makers

Background: Households' financial protection against health payments and expenditures and equity in utilization of health care services are of the most important tasks of governments. This study aims to measuring equity in household's health care payments according to fairness in financial contribution (FFC) and Kakwani indices in Tehran-Iran, 2013. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014.The study sample size was estimated to be 2200 households. Households were selected using stratified-cluster sampling including typical families who reside in the city of Tehran. The data were analyzed through Excel and Stata v.11software. Recall period for the inpatient care was 1 year and for outpatient1 month. Results: The indicator of FFC for households in health financing was estimated to be 0.68 and the trend of the indicator was ascending by the rise in the ranking of households' financial level. The Kakwani index was estimated to be a negative number (-0.00125) which indicated the descending trend of health financing system. By redistribution of incomes or the exempt of the poorest quintiles from health payments, Kakwani index was estimated to be a positive number (0.090555) which indicated the ascending trend of health financing system. Conclusion: According to this study, the equity indices in health care financing denote injustice and a descending trend in the health care financing system. This finding clearly shows that deliberate policy making in health financing by national health authorities and protecting low-income households against health expenditures are required to improve the equity in health