Process Simulation: When Programming is Easier Than User-Friendly Packages

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Design of SRU Thermal Reactor and Waste Heat Boiler Considering Recombination Reactions

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Biogas upgrading by physical water washing in a micro-pilot absorption column conducted at low temperature and pressure

The European Energy Policy has currently two main goals to reach: to minimize exposure to volatility of fossil fuel prices and to reduce of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To reach these targets a practical way, among the others is represented by the biogas production by anaerobic digestion (Bonoli et al., 2014) (AD) and its upgrading to biomethane. In this work the absorption of CO2is studied using a column working at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (599%) and a stream of methane (>99.9 %) in order to reproduce a typical raw biogas composition, i.e. molar fraction of methane of about 0.6. The internal temperature was monitored by a thermocouple and the inlet and outlet flow of biogas (G) was measured using a mass flowmeter while the water flow rate (L) was monitored using a magnetic induction flowmeter. The compositions were determined using a 3000A micro-Gas Chromatograph Agilent, previously calibrated. The temperature was varied between 6.5 and 20 °C and the water flow rate between about 0.5 and 5 L/h. The composition of the gas exiting the micro-pilot plant was monitored every 5 minutes until the stationary condition

A versatile modular plant for converting biogas into advanced biofuels

The patented technology is a novel, portable, non-invasive, and flexible technical solution for converting biogas into valuable chemical compounds, such as bio-methanol and bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME). It consists of compact modules, connected through a flange-valve-flange system, to be installed downstream of an existing traditional biogas plant. The two main sections of the module are those of reforming and synthesis: in the first, the biogas is converted into bio-syngas (H2/CO/CO2), while in the second the bio-syngas is transformed into advanced biofuels such as bio-methanol and bio-DME. Parts of the synthesis module can permanently be changed with small investments to switch the final products, according to local market needs and price volatilities. Downstream at the synthesis section, it is possible to add a module for separating and purifying the chemical products. The technology has been validated at the 0.15 MWe industrial scale

Circuit quantum acoustodynamics with surface acoustic waves

The experimental investigation of quantum devices incorporating mechanical resonators has opened up new frontiers in the study of quantum mechanics at a macroscopic level$^{1,2}$. Superconducting microwave circuits have proven to be a powerful platform for the realisation of such quantum devices, both in cavity optomechanics$^{3,4}$, and circuit quantum electro-dynamics (QED)$^{5,6}$. While most experiments to date have involved localised nanomechanical resonators, it has recently been shown that propagating surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be piezoelectrically coupled to superconducting qubits$^{7,8}$, and confined in high-quality Fabry-Perot cavities up to microwave frequencies in the quantum regime$^{9}$, indicating the possibility of realising coherent exchange of quantum information between the two systems. Here we present measurements of a device in which a superconducting qubit is embedded in, and interacts with, the acoustic field of a Fabry-Perot SAW cavity on quartz, realising a surface acoustic version of cavity quantum electrodynamics. This quantum acoustodynamics (QAD) architecture may be used to develop new quantum acoustic devices in which quantum information is stored in trapped on-chip surface acoustic wavepackets, and manipulated in ways that are impossible with purely electromagnetic signals, due to the $10^{5}$ times slower speed of travel of the mechanical waves.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

Brainstem injury in victims of sudden intrauterine death syndrome (SIUDS) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

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