A Survey on Traditional Knowledge of Herbal Utilization Recorded in Bood Khao Books Belonging to Mr. Wong Pimthatong, A Traditional Healer, Ban Ta Khun District, Surat Thani Province

Objective: This descriptive research aimed to survey traditional knowledgeof herbal use recorded in Bood Khao books belonging to Mr. WongPimthatong, a healer living in Ban Ta Khun District, Surat Thani province.Methods: The data from 4 Bood Khao books were investigated bytranslation and interpretation, and then re-checked with the book owner.Results: 765 medicinal materials belonging to 626 remedies were recordedin the selected books. The most frequently used 10 medicinal materialswere Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Citrusaurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, Capsicum frutescens L., Alcohol, Mansoniagagei J.R.Drumm., Dracaena oureiri Gagnep., Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.)Diels, Myristica fragrans Houtt. and Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.,respectively. These 10 materials were divided into 14 groups based ondiseases/symptoms. All top ten medicinal materials have the biologicalactivities concordant to their traditional use. Conclusion: Data from BoodKhao books could be used for development of Thai traditional medicine.Keywords: herbal remedies, Bood Khao book, Wong Pinthatong, Ban TaKhun District, Surat Thani provinc

Fabrication and Biological Assessment of Antidiabetic α-Mangostin Loaded Nanosponges: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-10-29, pub-electronic 2021-11-01Publication status: PublishedFunder: King Saud University; Grant(s): RSP-2021/406Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a major health issue with increasing morbidity and mortality due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The urgent need for improved methods to control hyperglycemic complications reiterates the development of innovative preventive and therapeutic treatment strategies. In this perspective, xanthone compounds in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, especially α-mangostin (MGN), have been recognized to restore damaged pancreatic β-cells for optimal insulin release. Therefore, taking advantage of the robust use of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery, we herein report the preparation of MGN loaded nanosponges for anti-diabetic therapeutic applications. The nanosponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Physico-chemical characterization of formulated nanosponges with satisfactory outcomes was performed with Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, entrapment efficiency, drug release properties, and stability studies at stress conditions were also tested. Molecular docking analysis revealed significant interactions of α-glucosidase and MGN in a protein-ligand complex. The maximum inhibition by nanosponges against α-glucosidase was observed to be 0.9352 ± 0.0856 µM, 3.11-fold higher than acarbose. In vivo studies were conducted on diabetic rats and plasma glucose levels were estimated by HPLC. Collectively, our findings suggest that MGN-loaded nanosponges may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes since they prolong the antidiabetic response in plasma and improve patient compliance by slowly releasing MGN and requiring less frequent doses, respectively

Determination of required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of

Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil is reported to use for the treatment of skin disease by Thai folk medicine. Its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value is very important for developing a stable cream formulation. This study aimed to determine the required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (rHLB) value of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil and to develop a stable cream formulation. Herbal cream containing Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was prepared by phase inversion temperature technique using water, Tween80, and Span60. The first series of 11 emulsions with HLB values ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 and the second series of eight emulsions with a smaller interval in HLB values from 5.0 to 7.8 were prepared. rHLB of coconut oil was also determined for validation of methodology. Creaming index is the established parameter to determine rHLB and to develop stable emulsion. Emulsions with optimum emulsifier concentration resulted in less percentage-creaming index. Utilizing determined rHLB, Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu cream was formulated and evaluated for different physical parameters including viscosity, color, odor, texture, and pH. Finally, the results showed the rHLB value of coconut oil and Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was 5.4 and 6.2, respectively. The stable creams were developed with a 3% emulsifier. Physical parameters were found to be consistent over 6 cycles of accelerated stability test under 4 and 45○C. Physical properties of cream evaluation ensure the stability of the developed cream. rHLB value of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was exhibited, and the stable creams were successfully formulated by utilizing determined rHLB

Voriconazole Cyclodextrin Based Polymeric Nanobeads for Enhanced Solubility and Activity: In Vitro/In Vivo and Molecular Simulation Approach

Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) based polymeric nanobeads containing voriconazole (VRC) were fabricated by free radical polymerization using N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as monomer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as reaction promoter. Optimized formulation (CDN5) had a particle size of 320 nm with a zeta potential of −35.5 mV and 87% EE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicted porous and non-spherical shaped beads. No evidence of chemical interaction was evident in FT-IR studies, whereas distinctive high-intensity VRC peaks were found superimposed in XRD. A stable polymeric network formation was evident in DSC studies owing to a lower breakdown in VRC loaded HPβCD in comparison to blank HPβCD. In vitro release studies showed 91 and 92% drug release for optimized formulation at pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, with first-order kinetics as the best-fit model and non-Fickian diffusion as the release mechanism. No evidence of toxicity was observed upon oral administration of HPβCD loaded VRC polymeric nanobeads owing to with cellular morphology of vital organs as observed in histopathology. Molecular docking indicates the amalgamation of the compounds highlighting the hydrophobic patching mediated by nanogel formulation. It can be concluded that the development of polymeric nanobeads can be a promising tool to enhance the solubility and efficacy of hydrophobic drugs such as VRC besides decreased toxicity and for effective management of fungal infections

Voriconazole Cyclodextrin Based Polymeric Nanobeads for Enhanced Solubility and Activity: In Vitro/In Vivo and Molecular Simulation Approach

Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) based polymeric nanobeads containing voriconazole (VRC) were fabricated by free radical polymerization using N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as monomer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as reaction promoter. Optimized formulation (CDN5) had a particle size of 320 nm with a zeta potential of −35.5 mV and 87% EE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicted porous and non-spherical shaped beads. No evidence of chemical interaction was evident in FT-IR studies, whereas distinctive high-intensity VRC peaks were found superimposed in XRD. A stable polymeric network formation was evident in DSC studies owing to a lower breakdown in VRC loaded HPβCD in comparison to blank HPβCD. In vitro release studies showed 91 and 92% drug release for optimized formulation at pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, with first-order kinetics as the best-fit model and non-Fickian diffusion as the release mechanism. No evidence of toxicity was observed upon oral administration of HPβCD loaded VRC polymeric nanobeads owing to with cellular morphology of vital organs as observed in histopathology. Molecular docking indicates the amalgamation of the compounds highlighting the hydrophobic patching mediated by nanogel formulation. It can be concluded that the development of polymeric nanobeads can be a promising tool to enhance the solubility and efficacy of hydrophobic drugs such as VRC besides decreased toxicity and for effective management of fungal infections

Fabrication and Biological Assessment of Antidiabetic α-Mangostin Loaded Nanosponges: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a major health issue with increasing morbidity and mortality due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The urgent need for improved methods to control hyperglycemic complications reiterates the development of innovative preventive and therapeutic treatment strategies. In this perspective, xanthone compounds in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, especially α-mangostin (MGN), have been recognized to restore damaged pancreatic β-cells for optimal insulin release. Therefore, taking advantage of the robust use of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery, we herein report the preparation of MGN loaded nanosponges for anti-diabetic therapeutic applications. The nanosponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Physico-chemical characterization of formulated nanosponges with satisfactory outcomes was performed with Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, entrapment efficiency, drug release properties, and stability studies at stress conditions were also tested. Molecular docking analysis revealed significant interactions of α-glucosidase and MGN in a protein-ligand complex. The maximum inhibition by nanosponges against α-glucosidase was observed to be 0.9352 ± 0.0856 µM, 3.11-fold higher than acarbose. In vivo studies were conducted on diabetic rats and plasma glucose levels were estimated by HPLC. Collectively, our findings suggest that MGN-loaded nanosponges may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes since they prolong the antidiabetic response in plasma and improve patient compliance by slowly releasing MGN and requiring less frequent doses, respectively