Preface of the 31st Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems

This volume contains the proceedings of the 31st Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems (SEBD - Sistemi Evoluti per Basi di Dati), held in Galzinagno Terme (Padua, Italy) from 2 to 5 July 2023.</p

Preface of the 31st Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems

This volume contains the proceedings of the 31st Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems (SEBD - Sistemi Evoluti per Basi di Dati), held in Galzinagno Terme (Padua, Italy) from 2 to 5 July 2023.</p

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction &gt;0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Sustained virological response after 4-week ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir plus ribavirin treatment in a kidney transplant recipient

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CorGAT: a tool for the functional annotation of SARS-CoV-2 genomes

The Summary: While over 200 000 genomic sequences are currently available through dedicated repositories, ad hoc methods for the functional annotation of SARS-CoV-2 genomes do not harness all currently available resources for the annotation of functionally relevant genomic sites. Here, we present CorGAT, a novel tool for the functional annotation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants. By comparisons with other state of the art methods we demonstrate that, by providing a more comprehensive and rich annotation, our method can facilitate the identification of evolutionary patterns in the genome of SARS-CoV-2

Toward a Semantic Framework for the Querying, Mining and Visualization of Cancer Microenvironment Data

Over the last decade, the advances in the high-throughput omic technologies have given the possibility to profile tumor cells at different levels, fostering the discovery of new biological data and the proliferation of a large number of bio-technological databases. In this paper we describe a framework for enabling the interoperability among different biological data sources and for ultimately supporting expert users in the complex process of extraction, navigation and visualization of the precious knowledge hidden in such a huge quantity of data. The system will be used in a pilot study on the Multiple Myeloma (MM)

The IS-BioBank project

none9Advances of high throughput technologies have yielded the possibility to investigate human cells of healthy and morbid ones at different levels. Consequently, this has made possible the discovery of new biological and biomedical data and the proliferation of a large number of databases. In this paper, we describe the IS-BioBank (Integrated Semantic Biological Data Bank) proposal. It consists of the realization of a framework for enabling the interoperability among different biological data sources and for ultimately supporting expert users in the complex process of extraction, navigation and visualization of the precious knowledge hidden in such a huge quantity of data. In this framework, a key role has been played by the Connectivity Map, a databank which relates diseases, physiological processes, and the action of drugs. The system will be used in a pilot study on the Multiple Myeloma (MM).mixedM. Ceci; M. Coluccia; F. Fumarola; P. Hiram Guzzi; F. Mandreoli; R. Martoglia; E. Masciari; M. Mecella; W. PenzoM. Ceci; M. Coluccia; F. Fumarola; P. Hiram Guzzi; F. Mandreoli; R. Martoglia; E. Masciari; M. Mecella; W. Penz