Structures and Optical Properties of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Thin Films

Low refractive index materials (n<1.3) are not common in nature. However, they are essential for antireflection coatings. In this study porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) on glass substrate was fabricated by electrochemical oxidation and subsequent etching. The pore size was modulated from less than 80 nm to more than 250 nm. The pore depth was controlled by electrochemical anodization and/or chemical etching time. It is challenging to effectively quantify the pore structures and the optical properties of such porous materials. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, the authors showed that the AAO materials had tunable refractive index from 1.25 to 1.40, which is ideal for antireflection coating on glass (n=1.54). In addition, quantitative information on the AAO film porosity, profile structure, film thickness, dielectric constants, and roughness was also derived from the ellipsometry analysis. It was shown that the as-fabricated AAO film included trace amount of residual metal aluminum with an effective thickness ~0.28 nm

Случай раннего выявления метастазов в бедренной кости у больного раком полового члена

Background. Bone metastasis is very common in the advanced stage of numerous carcinomas. In penile carcinoma, lymph nodes metastasis is somehow common but it is very rare reported to be secondary from penile cancer. till the date, there are only few cases of penis carcinoma reported bone metastasis in literature worldwide.Case Presentation. Herein, We presented a 51-year-old Nepalese male with squamous cell carcinoma of penis. computed tomography (ct) scan of the patient revealed that there was carcinoma involving glans penis and precure with bilateral external & internal inguinal lymphadenopathies. After then, the patient was under gone for partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy and complete 6-cycle chemotherapy. After one year of treatment, patient developed thigh pain and headache and he advised to have magnetic Resonance imaging (mRi) of brain, 99mTc-MDP whole body bone scan and ct scan of pelvis and thigh. The examination report reveals that there was a sclerotic change in vertex of skull bone and moderate 99mTc-MDP uptake in right proximal shaft of femur just below the neck d/d metastasis. The histopathological examination of the true cut biopsy taken from the lesion of the femur showed metastatic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma which is rare case of femoral shaft bone metastasis secondary from penile carcinoma. Then patient was sent for surgical reconstruction of femur. Based on the case studies review femur shaft bone metastasis from penile cancer is extremely rare.Conclusion. The best of our knowledge; this is the first early detected bone metastases to shaft of the femur in a patient with penile cancer. early diagnosis helps to radical treatment as well as palliative treatment. surgery is the preferred option of the treatments, especially for metastatic foci in the long bones.Аннотация Метастазы в кости часто встречаются на поздних стадиях разных злокачественных новообразований. Для рака полового члена характерно лимфогенное метастазирование, костные метастазы встречаются очень редко. На данный момент в мировой литературе зарегистрировано лишь несколько случаев рака полового члена с метастазами в кости.Описание клинического случая. Мы представляем описание клинического случая плоскоклеточного рака полового члена у 51-летнего мужчины из Непала. Компьютерная томография (КТ) выявила рак полового члена, локализованный на головке и крайней плоти с двусторонней паховой лимфаденопатией. Пациенту выполнена частичная пенэктомия, двусторонняя паховая лимфаденэктомия, проведено 6 курсов адъювантной химиотерапии. Через один год после завершения лечения у пациента появились боли в бедре и головная боль, рекомендована МРТ головного мозга, сканирование костей скелета с 99mTc-MDP и КТ таза и бедра. Обследование показало наличие склеротических изменений в теменной кости черепа и умеренное накопление 99mTc-MDP в проксимальном отделе правом бедренной кости ниже шейки. Гистологическое исследование биоптата, взятого из очага в бедренной кости, выявило метастаз ороговевающего плоскоклеточного рака, что является редким случаем метастазирования рака полового члена в диафиз бедренной кости. Пациент был направлен на хирургическую реконструкцию бедренной кости. Согласно обзору клинических исследований, метастазы в диафизе бедренной кости при раке полового члена встречаются крайне редко.Заключение. Представлен первый случай раннего выявления костных метастазов в диафизе бедренной кости у пациента с раком полового члена. Ранняя диагностика помогает как радикальному, так и паллиативному лечению. Хирургическое вмешательство является предпочтительным вариантом лечения, особенно при метастатических очагах в длинных костях

Anodic Aluminum Oxide Thin Films as Antireflection Coatings for Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Applications

Low refractive index materials are vital for antireflection coatings. Porous anodic aluminum oxide on glass has potential to be a suitable antireflection coating as its refractive index can be adjusted between 1.1 and 1.5 with good mechanical strength. However, it is unclear how anodic aluminum oxide porosity can be controlled to achieve an optimal refractive index. Also, the optical film thickness, composition, optical properties and role of residual aluminum in thin film anodic aluminum oxide are unknown. The objective of this thesis was to fabricate porous anodic aluminum oxide thin films on glass with a refractive index around 1.25, and reflectance less than 6%, and also to identify films that can be used with the anodic aluminum oxide films, such as silicon and gold. The refractive index of porous materials is a combination of the refractive indices of air and the solid. In this study, porous anodic aluminum oxide was fabricated on glass substrate by electrochemical anodization and subsequent wet chemical etching. Films anodized at room temperature and successive wet chemical etching had refractive indices less than 1.25 in the visible and infra-red regions, and reflectance less than 5% in the entire wavelength range. When used with silicon, the thin film anodic aluminum oxide provided three times higher absorption. A thick layer of gold on the anodic aluminum oxide resulted in high reflectance from the gold in the IR region. This isthe first report of anodic aluminum oxide on glass with a refractive index less than 1.25 in the visible and infra-red regions, and silicon and gold as antireflection layer for thin films. Future work should include determining the optimal pore shapes to achieve minimum reflectance

ZrO2-toughened Al2O3-based near-net shaped femoral head: Unique fabrication approach, 3D microstructure, burst strength and muscle cell response

The development of reliable biomedical devices demands the use of an integrated manufacturing protocol with comprehensive understanding of prototype characterization in terms of 3D microstructural analysis along with biocompatibility. While addressing these issues for ZrO2 (3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized)-toughened Al2O3-based femoral head prototypes, the present work reports a unique fabrication protocol involving a sequence of uniaxial compaction followed by pre-sintering, machining, final sintering and polishing to ensure dimensional tolerance with respect to the design of patient-specific femoral head. The prototypes are characterized by a clinically relevant surface finish (R-a similar to 0.2 mu m) with good geometric circularity (+/- 50 mu m). Extensive mu CT analysis at different regions of interest confirms a homogeneous distribution and 3D spatial orientation of ZrO2 across the volume of the defect -free prototype. Further, an in vitro cell culture with a murine myoblast cell line (C2C12) over a period of 72 h showed an increase in the number of mitochondrially-active cells and good cellular attachment with oriented cellular bridge formation, which confirms the excellent cytocompatibility. The as-machined ZTA femoral heads fracture at a load of 15.3 kN during burst tests, conducted following ISO guidelines. Taken together, this novel fabrication approach can be effectively utilised in the development of near-net shaped bioceramic-based femoral ball heads. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-