Preparation and Characterization of Porous Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) Scaffold with Polydopamine-Assisted Biomineralization for Bone Regeneration

The development of scaffolds that simultaneously provide porous architectures and osteogenic properties is the major challenge in tissue engineering. Herein, a scaffold with high porosity and well interconnected networks, namely poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT), was fabricated using the gas foaming/ammonium bicarbonate particulate leaching technique. Mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA)-assisted biomineralization generated by two-step simple soaking in dopamine solution and 10× SBF-like solution was performed to improve the material’s osteogenicity. Highly porous scaffolds available in less organized opened cell structures with diameters ranging from 10 µm to 100 µm and 200 µm to 500 µm were successfully prepared. The well interconnected porous architectures were observed through the whole thickness of the scaffold. The even deposition of the organic–inorganic bioactive mineralized layer composed of PDA and nano-scale hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals on the scaffold surface was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The developed scaffold exhibited high total porosity (84.17 ± 1.29%), a lower surface contact angle (θ = 45.7 ± 5.9°), lower material degradation rate (7.63 ± 2.56%), and a high level of material biocompatibility. The MTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining (ARS) confirmed its osteogenic enhancement property toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). These results clarified that the developed porous PLA/PBAT scaffold with PDA-assisted biomineralization exhibited good potential for application as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration and hard tissue engineering

Preparation of Folate-Conjugated Pluronic F127/Chitosan Core-Shell Nanoparticles Encapsulating Doxorubicin for Breast Cancer Treatment

A targeting drug delivery system using folate-conjugated pluronic F127/chitosan core-shell nanoparticles was developed to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) to the target cancer cells. First, DOX was encapsulated in pluronic F127 micelle cores in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by a self-assembly method. To form a shell, a layer of either chitosan or folate-conjugated chitosan was deposited onto the pluronic micelles. The encapsulation efficiency was approximately 58.1±4.7%. The average size of the core-shell nanoparticles was 37.4±2.0 nm, while the zeta potential was 12.9±2.3 mV, indicating the presence of a shell layer and more stable particles. In an in vitro DOX release study, an initial burst release, followed by a sustained release, was observed within 24 hours. In addition, the core-shell nanoparticles showed greater cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells than free DOX, suggesting a better therapeutic efficacy in treating cancer

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Zingiber officinale extract: antioxidant potential, biocompatibility, anti-LOX properties, and in silico analysis

Abstract Introduction Zingiber officinale extract has emerged as a compelling candidate for green synthesis of nanoparticles, offering diverse applications across medicine, cosmetics, and nutrition. This study delves into the investigation of in vitro toxicity and explores the biomedical utility of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from ginger extract (GE-AgNPs). Methods We employed established protocols to evaluate in vitro aspects such as antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory potential, and biocompatibility of GE-AgNPs. Additionally, molecular docking was employed to assess their anti-lipoxygenase (anti-LOX) activity. Results Our findings highlight that the extraction of ginger extract at a pH of 6, utilizing a cosolvent blend of ethanol and ethyl acetate in a 1:1 ratio, yields heightened antioxidant capacity attributed to its rich phenolic and flavonoid content. In the context of silver nanoparticle synthesis, pH 6 extraction yields the highest quantity of nanoparticles, characterized by an average size of 32.64 ± 1.65 nm. Of particular significance, GE-AgNPs (at pH 6) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in scavenging free radicals, as evidenced by an IC50 value of 6.83 ± 0.47 µg/mL. The results from the anti-LOX experiment indicate that GE-AgNPs, at a concentration of 10 µg/mL, can inhibit LOX activity by 25%, outperforming ginger extract which inhibits LOX by 17–18%. Notably, clionasterol exhibited higher binding energy and enhanced stability (-8.9 kcal/mol) compared to nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Furthermore, a cell viability study confirmed the safety of GE-AgNPs at a concentration of 17.52 ± 7.00 µg/mL against the L929 cell line. Conclusion These comprehensive findings underscore the significant biomedical advantages of GE-AgNPs and emphasize their potential incorporation into cosmetic products at a maximum concentration of 10 µg/mL

Additional file 1 of Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Zingiber officinale extract: antioxidant potential, biocompatibility, anti-LOX properties, and in silico analysis

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) of Zingiber officinale extracted with 50% ethanol and 50% ethyl acetate mixture. Supplementary Table 2. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) of Zingiber officinale extracted with water. Supplementary Table 3. Active compounds and bioactivities of Zingiber officinale extracted with water (GW) and cosolvent between 50% ethanol and 50% ethyl acetate mixture (GE). Supplementary Table 4. PASS analysis of 6-gingerol. Supplementary Table 5. PASS analysis of 6-shogaol. Supplementary Table 6. PASS analysis of Zingiberine. Supplementary Table 7. PASS analysis of butan-2-one, 4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl). Supplementary Table 8. PASS analysis of beta-bisabolene. Supplementary Table 9. PASS analysis of sesquiphellandrene. Supplementary Table 10. PASS analysis of alpha-curcumene. Supplementary Table 11. PASS analysis of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)tetradec-4-en-3-one. Supplementary Table 12. PASS analysis of 8-shogaol. Supplementary Table 13. PASS analysis of diacetoxy-6-gingerdiol. Supplementary Table 14. PASS analysis of 6-isoshogaol. Supplementary Table 15. PASS analysis of clionasterol. Supplementary Table 16. PASS analysis of (S)-8-gingerol. Supplementary Table 17. PASS analysis of 3-decanone,1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)

Effect of pulse frequency on the surface properties and corrosion resistance of a plasma-nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy

In this work, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, commonly used as implant material in biomedical applications, was treated by plasma nitriding. The nitriding process was carried out using an N _2 -H _2 plasma (1000:500 sccm) at an operating pressure of about 866 Pa. The current regulation was about 1.8 A, the negative voltage was about 480–500 V, and the power was 840–940 W. The nitriding temperature was maintained at 650 ± 5 °C, and the nitriding time was 240 min. Bipolar pulse frequencies were varied at 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kHz. Analysis by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction spectrometer (GI-XRD) revealed the presence of δ -TiN and ε -Ti _2 N phases in all nitrided samples. The hardness depth profile was measured with a penetration depth of about 5 nm using the enhanced stiffness procedure (ESP). The results showed that all the nitrided samples had a surface hardness approximately three times that of the unnitrided sample. This result is consistent with that from glow discharge emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), which confirmed the diffusion distance of nitrogen atoms from the surface of about 5 μ m. After plasma nitriding, the surface roughness tended to increase, resulting in an increase in the water contact angle (WCA) and a decrease in the work of adhesion. The specific wear rate (ball-on-disk) of all nitrided samples decreased and was significantly lower at a bipolar pulse frequency of 50 kHz. This result is consistent with the stability of the coefficient of friction (COF) after 6000 sliding cycles. Moreover, the nitrided sample at 50 kHz exhibited the lowest corrosion current density in artificial saliva based on the Tafel potential polarization method

Alginate/pectin dressing with niosomal mangosteen extract for enhanced wound healing: evaluating skin irritation by structure-activity relationship

Most modern wound dressings assist the wound-healing process. In contrast, conventional wound dressings have limited antibacterial activity and promote sporadic fibroblast growth. Therefore, wound dressings with prolonged substance release must be improved. This research aimed to develop hydrogel films. These were synthesized from alginate and pectin, incorporated with mangosteen extract (ME), and encapsulated in niosomes (ME-loaded niosomes). Subsequently, we examined the in vitro release and physical characteristics of ME-loaded niosomes. These characteristics included particle pH, size, charge, polydispersity index (PDI), and drug loading properties. These properties included drug loading content (DLC), entrapment efficiency (EE), and yield (Y). Additionally, we examined the swelling ratio and biological characteristics of the hydrogel film. These characteristics included antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity (L929), cell attachment to the tested materials, cell migration, hemocompatibility, and in vivo irritation. Significant results were obtained using a 2:1 niosome preparation containing Span60 and cholesterol. Ratio influenced size, charge, PDI, DLC, EE, and Y. The results were 225.5 ± 5.83 nm, negatively charged, 0.38, 16.2 ± 0.87%, 64.8 ± 3.49%, and 87.3 ± 3.09%, respectively. Additionally, the release of encapsulated ME was pH sensitive because 85% of the ME can be released at a pH of 5.5 within seven days and decrease to 70% at a pH of 7.4. The maximum swelling ratios of patches with 0.5% and 1% Ca2+ crosslinking were 867 wt% and 1,025 wt%, respectively, after 30 min. These results suggested that a medium dose (15 mg) of niosomal ME incorporated in a hydrogel film provided better bacterial inhibition, cell migration, and cell adhesion in an in vitro model. Additionally, no toxicity was observed in the fibroblasts and red blood cells. Therefore, given the above-mentioned advantages, this product can be a promising candidate for wound dressing applications

Automatic Programmable Bioreactor with pH Monitoring System for Tissue Engineering Application

Tissue engineering technology has been advanced and applied to various applications in the past few years. The presence of a bioreactor is one key factor to the successful development of advanced tissue engineering products. In this work, we developed a programmable bioreactor with a controlling program that allowed each component to be automatically operated. Moreover, we developed a new pH sensor for non-contact and real-time pH monitoring. We demonstrated that the prototype bioreactor could facilitate automatic cell culture of L929 cells. It showed that the cell viability was greater than 80% and cell proliferation was enhanced compared to that of the control obtained by a conventional cell culture procedure. This result suggests the possibility of a system that could be potentially useful for medical and industrial applications, including cultured meat, drug testing, etc