Federal Nutrition Programs and Childhood Obesity: Inside the Black Box

In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, particularly among low income individuals, federal nutrition assistance programs have come under scrutiny. However, the vast majority of this research focuses on the direct relationship between these programs and child health, while little is known about the mechanisms by which such relationships arise. Using the 2007 American Time Use Survey and the Eating and Health Module, we explore differences in time use across families that participate in the Supplemental Nutriation Assistance Program (SNAP), the School Breakfast Program (SBP), and the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to better understand behavioral differences across participants and non-participants. These differences have important implications for future research and policy.School Breakfast Program, National School Lunch Program, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, time use, program evaluation

Beyond building: architecture through the human body

Beyond the gestalt discourse of form and shape of tectonic buildings, the human body plays an imperative role throughout the whole process of production, exchange, and consumption of everyday architecture. Besides its objectival nature of enveloping skin, the human body as a dialectical subject becomes an epistemological dispositif in order to transcend the positivistic paradigm of architecture. Focusing on a series of critical arguments by philosophers and architectural theorists, this paper seeks to explore the contextualization of the human body as a performative critique in the production of architecture. As such, we argue that both the human body and architecture are a form of “material flow” that are made up of many machines for enunciating, which include the prosthetic body of fashion, the moving body of urbanity, and the technologized body of mediatecture. Within this field, this paper suggests the potential of transforming the way in which we envision and understand contemporary architecture, revealing new desires and possibilities for bridging interdisciplinary design research between architecture, fashion and the sociologic study of pop cultur

Retrofit of water network with regeneration using water pinch analysis

This paper presents the development of a new systematic technique for the retrofit of water network with regeneration based on water pinch analysis. The procedure consists of two parts: retrofit targeting and design for a water network with regeneration unit(s). In the targeting stage, retrofit targets (utility savings and capital investment) were determined for a range of process parameters (total flowrate and/or outlet concentration of the regeneration unit) to obtain a savings versus investment curve. Next, the existing water network was re-designed to meet the chosen targets. A case study on paper making process was used to demonstrate the new methodology

Uji Lapangan Formula Cair Pseudomonas Fluorescens P60 terhadap Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat

A research aimed at knowing 1) the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 in liquid formula on Fusarium wilt of tomato, 2) the effect of P. fluorescens P60 in the formula on tomato growth and yield, and 3) P. fluorescens P60 mechanisms on tomata was carried out at tomato field of Selomoyo Village, Kaliangkrik Subdistrict, Magelang Regency at altitude of 826 m above sea level. Randomized block design was used with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were control, with P. fluorescens P60 soaked for 15 min and without fungicide, pathogen without P. fluorescens P60 with fungicide (PBG1), pathogen with P. fluorescens P60 without fungicide, pathogen with pouring P. fluorescens P60 1, 3, and 5 times. Result indicated that application of formulated P. fluorescens P60 for 5 times decreased the disease intensity as high as 26.77%, and late population of the pathogen but increased P. fluorescens P60 as high as 4.54×1010 cfu ml-1. P. fluorescens P60 affected growth and yield of tomato. P. Fluorescens P60 induced tomato resistance by increasing qualitatively its phenolic compound content (saponin, tannin, glycoside). Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 dalam formula cair terhadap penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman tomat, 2) pengaruh P. fluorescens P60 dalam formula cair terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat, dan 3) mekanisme P. fluorescens P60 pada tanaman tomat dilakukan di lahan Desa Selomoyo, Kecamatan Kaliangkrik, Kabupaten Magelang dengan ketinggian 826 m di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 7 perlakuan dan jumlah ulangan 4 kali, dan setiap unit terdiri atas 8 tanaman. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi kontrol; dengan P. fluorescens P60 rendam 15 menit dan tanpa fungisida; dengan patogen; tanpa P. fluorescens P60; dengan fungisida (PBG1); patogen, tanpa P. fluorescens P60, tanpa fungisida; patogen, dengan penyiraman P. fluorescens P60 1 kali; patogen, dengan penyiraman P. fluorescens P60 3 kali; dan patogen, dengan penyiraman P. fluorescens P60 5 kali. Pemberian P. fluorescens P60 selama 5 kali memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata dalam menekan penyakit layu fusarium yang disebabkan Fusarium oxysporum. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada penurunan intensitas penyakit sebesar 26,77%, rendahnya kepadatan akhir F. oxysporum serta tingginya nilai kepadatan P. fluorescens P60 sebesar 4,54×1010 unit pembentuk spora/ml. Pengaruh pemberian P. fluorescens P60 belum menunjukkan pengaruh nyata pada komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil. P. fluorescens P60 mampu mengimbas ketahanan tanaman tomat dengan meningkatkan kandungan senyawa fenol (saponin, tanin, glikosida)

Optimal planning of renewable energy-integrated electricity generation schemes with CO2 reduction target

This paper presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that was developed for the optimalplanning of electricitygenerationschemes for a nation to meet a specified CO2 emission target. The model was developed and implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) for the fleet of electricitygeneration in Peninsular Malaysia. In order to reduce the CO2 emissions by 50% from current CO2 emission level, the optimizer selected a scheme which includes Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC), nuclear and biomass from landfill gas and palm oil residues. It was predicted that Malaysia has potential to generate up to nine percent of electricity from renewableenergy (RE) based on the available sources of RE in Malaysia

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Relation to Timing of Endoscopic Procedure in Patients Undergoing Elective Endoscopy

Background: Endoscopy is the most accurate method for diagnosing the source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between the timing of elective endoscopy and the length of hospital stay, the amount of transfusion given and incidence of recurrent bleeding or patient mortality. Method: A retrospective study was conducted in all patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding who had experienced elective endoscopy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January 2007 and August 2008. Identification of clinical risk using clinical Rockall score was performed at the emergency room. Persistent bleeding, recurrent bleeding, surgical treatment and death were the outcome variables. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square/fisher exact test and linear regression. Results: There were 40 eligible cases with mean age of 53 ± 13 years; the greatest occurrence was at the age group of 50-59 years (12%), male (52.5%) and those who had clinical symptom of melena (52.5%). Twenty seven (67.5%) patients had Rockall score of 1-3 points and 13 (32.5%) had 4-6 points. There was only one patient who had adherent clots (Forrest grade II B). Endoscopy results revealed that the most common cause of bleeding was gastric ulcer, which occurred in 12 (30%) patients. There was no correlation between the timing of endoscopic procedures and outcome variable; however the length of hospital stay had a significant correlation with timing of endoscopic procedures. Conclusion: Elective endoscopy does not affect the variables of mortality and recurrent bleeding; however, it affects the length of hospital stay. Further prospective studies are required to find causal relation between them

Compatibility Test of Four Trichoderma Spp. Isolates on Several Synthetic Pesticides

This research aimed to study the compatibility of some Trichoderma spp. isolates on some synthetic chemical pesticides carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from April up to July 2014. Trichoderma isolates were derived from rhizosphere exploration on ginger, banana, pineapple and shallot. The synthetic pesticides used were mancozeb and propineb (fungicides), oxytetracycline and streptomycin sulfate (agrimycin, bactericides), carbofuran (nematicide), and deltamethrin and prefenophos (insecticides: synthetic pyrethroids and chiral organophosphates, respectively). The compatibility test used food poisoning method in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Variables observed were discolouration, sporulation, colony diameter, conidia density, and fungal growth at pesticides treatment. The data were analyzed by F test at 5 % significant level and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when there was a significant difference. The result of the research showed that the most significant decreasing of Trichoderma spp. was found on mancozeb for shallot, ginger, and banana isolates, and propineb for pineapple isolate, respectively, 89.4, 97.7, 93.3, and 95.2 %. This result was in line with colour, sporulation, and inhibition level observation