Sex Differences in Recognition of Face Expressions

الملخص: القدرة على قراءة تعابير الوجه من المهارات الأساسية في التفاعل الإنساني. اهتمت الدراسة الحالية بدراسة تأثير نوع المفحوص: ذكرا أم أنثى على التعرف على تعابير الوجه الانفعالية المختلفة. 125 مشارك أكمل أداء مهمة التعرف على الوجوه أون لاين. من خلال تصميم تجريبي تم من خلاله عرض صور لوجوه تُظهر انفعالات مختلفة وعلى المشارك اكمال التجربة من خلال تحديد الانفعال الصحيح المناسب لصورة الوجه المعروض. أظهرت النتائج في المجمل أن الذكور كانوا أسرع من الأناث في التعرف على الوجوه بالانفعالات المختلفة، ولكن ذلك لم يمتد إلى درجة الدقة في التعرف على هذه الانفعالات، كما لم تظهر النتائج أية تفاعلات محتملة بين جنس المشارك ونوع الجنس المعروض في الصورة. نوقشت هذه النتائج في ضوء الأدبيات المتاحة، كما نوقشت بعض جوانب القصور في الدراسة الحالية لأخذها بعين الاعتبار في الدراسات اللاحقة ذات الصلة.Abstract: Emotional facial expressions are a crucial non-verbal communication skill for humans’ interactions. The current study assessed the impact of sex on emotional face recognition. A total of 125 individuals per-formed an online emotional face recognition task. The stimuli were created recutting male and female Saudi volunteers. Results showed that, except of the male participants having faster responses compared to females in general, no main significant differences between the sex group in accuracy nor any significant interaction between participant sex and the sex of the faces. Our findings suggests that the effect of sex on emotional face recognition needs further investigation with well calibrated stimuli. Limitations and the direction of future research in this area were discussed

Trimethylamine N-Oxide: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small colorless amine oxide generated from choline, betaine, and carnitine by gut microbial metabolism. It accumulates in the tissue of marine animals in high concentrations and protects against the protein-destabilizing effects of urea. Plasma level of TMAO is determined by a number of factors including diet, gut microbial flora and liver flavin monooxygenase activity. In humans, a positive correlation between elevated plasma levels of TMAO and an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events and death is reported. The atherogenic effect of TMAO is attributed to alterations in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, activation of inflammatory pathways and promotion foam cell formation. TMAO levels increase with decreasing levels of kidney function and is associated with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. A number of therapeutic strategies are being explored to reduce TMAO levels, including use of oral broad spectrum antibiotics, promoting the growth of bacteria that utilize TMAO as substrate and the development of target-specific molecules with varying level of success. Despite the accumulating evidence, it is questioned whether TMAO is the mediator of a bystander in the disease process. Thus, it is important to undertake studies examining the cellular signaling in physiology and pathological states in order to establish the role of TMAO in health and disease in humans

Analysis of degree of errors in handwritten medication prescriptions in Rafha, Saudi Arabia

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of handwritten prescription errors in Rafha Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia, and to determine the most predominant type of prescription error. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on randomly selected samples of hand-written prescriptions in out-patient and in-patient pharmacies of Rafha Central Hospital over a five-month period (October 2016 to February 2017). A data collection sheet specially designed for this purpose was used to collect relevant information. The collected prescriptions were analyzed for the presence of prescription errors based on prescription parameters defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and current guidelines published in British National Formulary (BNF). Descriptive statistics and Microsoft Office were used for processing and analyzing the data collected. Results: Overall, 1019 prescription errors were identified. More than half of the total errors (610; 60 %) were associated with missing patient's information. Moreover, the parameters related to drug and prescriber information were absent in 204 (20 %) and 5 (0.4 %) prescriptions, respectively. In addition, 200 (19 %) miscellaneous errors related to date, legible handwriting and directions for patients were identified. Conclusion: This study discovered errors in hand-written prescriptions. A majority of the prescriptions did not adhere to accepted guidelines. The most common errors are absence of generic names of drugs, non-indication of duration of therapy or prescriber’s contact address, and absence of patient’s weight. Moreover, illegible handwriting was obvious in a substantial number of prescriptions

Characterization of silver nanoparticles prepared by wet chemical method and their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities

Purpose: To investigate the efficiency of silver nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical method, and evaluate their antibacterial and anti-cancer activities.Methods: Wet chemical method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate, trisodium citrate dehydrate (C6H5O7Na3.2H2O) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reducing agent. The AgNPs and the reaction process were characterized by UV–visible spectrometry, zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by agar diffusion method and MTT assay respectively.Results: The silver nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape with mean size of 10.3 nm. The results showed good antibacterial properties, killing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and its aqueous suspension displayed cytotoxic activity against colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) cell line.Conclusion: The findings indicate that silver nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical method demonstrate good cytotoxic activity in colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines and strong antibacterial activity against various strains of bacteria.Keywords: Wet chemical, Silver nanoparticles, Characterization, Diffusion method, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic activit

Secure Mobile Computing Authentication Utilizing Hash, Cryptography and Steganography Combination

In this paper, we propose a modification for security authentication systems in mobile devices. Our enhancement is designed to secure information transformation over the internet by combining hash, cryptography and steganography mechanisms. We used the combination for authentication, to secure mobile computing to transfer data in a trusted manner. The proposed work will use hash function to store the secret password to provide increased security. The hashed password is encrypted using AES encryption then hidden inside an image to be called back for authentication whenever needed. The security services provided by this combination mechanisms can assure authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity. Results and comparisons to different options of available mobile computing methods proved that our proposed technique is a promising research direction for real mobile security

Motivators for the public to receive the seasonal influenza vaccination and the effect of Diabetic Patients attending Primary Health Care Center in Makkah Al-Mokarramah 2022

Background: The coverage of the seasonal influenza vaccine has always been sub-par. Understanding the motivators of receiving vaccines, especially during pandemics, could enhance and increase the coverage rates. The Saudi Ministry of Health launched its annual influenza vaccination campaign during the 2022 influenza season and provided vaccinations in primary healthcare settings. Seasonal influenza affects millions of people yearly; most cases are self-limiting and require no medical interventions. However, seasonal influenza results in up to 650,000 deaths yearly. Annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for the whole population aged 6 months and older. Diabetic patients, as other chronic diseases patients, could catch the influenza infection, which is a respiratory infection caused primarily by influenza A and Influenza B. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Aim of the study: to assessment of the Motivators for the public to receive the seasonal influenza vaccination and the effect of Diabetic Patients attending Primary Health Care Center In    Makkah Al-Mokarramah 2022 Methods: A Cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the city of Makah among diabetic patients attending Primary Health Care Center during the October to December 2019, the Sample size patients participants.  Our total participants were (300). Results: shows the majority of participant (39.5%) have average level of total attitude of diabetic patients towards seasonal influenza vaccination followed by (29.5%) of participant weak while Range(7-19) and Mean ±SD(13.065±3.822), X211.59 P=0.003.Conclusion: Accessibility to the vaccination campaigns was the main motivator for receiving the vaccine followed by the advice from physician. Advice from physician and increasing mobile vaccination campaigns and mobile clinics would substantially increase influenza vaccine uptake. seasonal vaccination among diabetics in KSA is low. Level of knowledge and perception are the main barriers to vaccination. Health care provider’s advice may be an important key predictor of previous influenza vaccination and they should continue to educate and encourage all diabetics to get vaccinated for influenza at least once yearly

Activity of Compounds from Temperate Propolis against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana

Ethanolic extracts of samples of temperate zone propolis, four from the UK and one from Poland, were tested against three strains and displayed EC values < 20 µg/mL. The extracts were fractionated, from which 12 compounds and one two-component mixture were isolated, and characterized by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as 3-acetoxypinobanksin, tectochrysin, kaempferol, pinocembrin, 4'-methoxykaempferol, galangin, chrysin, apigenin, pinostrobin, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, cinnamyl ester/coumaric acid benzyl ester (mixture), 4',7-dimethoxykaempferol, and naringenin 4',7-dimethyl ether. The isolated compounds were tested against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of and , with the highest activities ≤ 15 µM. The most active compounds against were naringenin 4',7 dimethyl ether and 4'methoxy kaempferol with activity of 15-20 µM against the three strains. The most active compounds against were 4',7-dimethoxykaempferol and the coumaric acid ester mixture, with EC values of 12.9 ± 3.7 µM and 13.1 ± 1.0 µM. No loss of activity was found with the diamidine- and arsenical-resistant or phenanthridine-resistant strains, or the miltefosine-resistant strain; no clear structure activity relationship was observed for the isolated compounds. Temperate propolis yields multiple compounds with anti-kinetoplastid activity

Evaluation Knowledge About Prevalence Of Electrical Cigarettes Use In The Group Of Healthcare Practitioner In The Primary Healthcare In Makkah Almokarmah, Saudi Arabia 2022

Background: Most healthcare providers are knowing of e-cigarettes, but the information is be scared regarding the magnitude of this newly stand out custom in Saudi Arabia, since preface in the early 2000s, e-cigarette use has rapidly raised among adolescents worldwide. Then adult However, little is known about e-cigarette uptake among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Tobacco smoking is highly prevailing in Saudi Arabia, and there is a need to minimize the consequent health burden via patient-oriented smoking cessation interference. Primary care practitioner (PCPs) have a considerable position in providing counseling and advice to leave smoking. World Health Organization (WHO) reported tobacco use as one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, aforesaid that in 2015, over one billion people smoked tobacco. This study aimed to estimate Prevalence of Electronic Cigarettes Use Among health care providers in the Primary Health Care in Makkah, although it is declining worldwide in many countries, the prevalence of tobacco smoking shows to be raising in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Aim of the study: To Assessment Knowledge regarding Prevalence of Electronic Cigarettes Use Among health care providers in the Primary Health Care in Makkah AL-Mokarramah Saudi Arabia, 2021. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out, including a random representative sample of health care providers in the Primary Health Care in Makkah. A self-administered validated questionnaire was adopted and modified. The Sample size of medical physicians. Our total participants were (500) Results: The study showed that the majority of the participant were (52.0%) smoker regarding smoking period the majority while &lt;5 were (35.0%), Current use of e-cigarettes were (72.0%) and (30.0%) of the participant knew that the electronic cigarettes contain nicotine whereas 56.15% did not know if e-cigarettes contain nicotine or not. Most of the students (75.0%) thought that the electronic cigarette is hurtful to health Conclusion: The prevalence of e-cigarettes smoking among health care providers in the Primary Health Care in Makkah. was found relatively high and most popular cause to smoke e-cigarettes were similar taste to conventional cigarettes, adequate nicotine, helping in control of smoking behavior, perceived less harmful influence than conventional cigarettes, and low cost. E- cigarettes have been tried and currently used by a considerable proportion of health care providers. Some associated factors were identified

Dose Optimization of Colistin: A Systematic Review

Colistin is considered a last treatment option for multi-drug and extensively resistant Gram-negative infections. We aimed to assess the available data on the dosing strategy of colistin. A systematic review was performed to identify all published studies on the dose optimization of colistin. Grey literature and electronic databases were searched. Data were collected in a specified form and the quality of the included articles was then assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies, the Cochrane bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical checklist for case reports. A total of 19 studies were included, of which 16 were cohort studies, one was a RCT, and two were case reports. A total of 18 studies proposed a dosing regimen for adults, while only one study proposed a dosing schedule for pediatric populations. As per the available evidence, a loading dose of 9 million international units (MIU) of colistin followed by a maintenance dose of 4.5 MIU every 12 h was considered the most appropriate dosing strategy to optimize the safety and efficacy of treatment and improve clinical outcomes. This review supports the administration of a loading dose followed by a maintenance dose of colistin in severe and life-threatening multi-drug Gram-negative bacterial infections

An Overview Of Infection Control Measures Awareness Among Nurses, Family Medicine, General Practitioners, Optometrist, Clinical Laboratory, Pharmacist, Paramedic, And Dental Teams

There is a lack of information regarding adherence to infection control measures in dental facilities in the Middle East. The objective of this study was to examine the existing literature on the knowledge and practices related to infection control among various healthcare providers, such as nurses, family medicine practitioners, general practitioners, optometrists, clinical laboratory professionals, pharmacists, paramedics, and dentistry teams. Proficiency in infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential for the successful implementation of IPC measures. Adhering to IPC guidelines has crucial ramifications for the safety of healthcare workers, the protection of patients, and the overall care environment. It is highly recommended to adopt a comprehensive approach to enhance IPC-intervention tactics. It is vital to enhance compliance among healthcare workers (HCWs) with infection prevention and control (IPC) methods