Assessment of soybean meal as dietary fishmeal replacement in red sea bream (Pagrus major) juveniles based on energy budget analysis

The effects of soybean meal (SBM) on the energy budget of red sea bream Pagrus major juveniles (3.2 g initial wet weight) were determined by supplementing SBM in the diet at 0% (control diet), 16%, 24%, 32% and 39%, with the fishmeal content correspondingly reduced from 55% to 29%. Diets were made isoenergetic and isonitrogenous by changing the lipid and carbohydrate levels. Fish were fed to apparent satiation for 30 days in duplicates per diet (20 fish per replicate). Ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption were continuously measured during the growth trial, whereas digestibility after the termination of growth trial. Feed intake, body weight gain, and specific growth rate of fish increased to a peak at 24% SBM level, which again decreased as the SBM level was further increased. The apparent digestibility of energy was similar in all dietary treatments, while the digestible of dry matter increased with the SBM level. A lower proportion of energy intake as growth at 39% SBM level was attributed to the higher energy intake channeled to fecal ammonia. This study suggested that the inclusion level of SBM in diets for red sea bream juveniles should be is optimal at the inclusion range 24–32%, thus correspondingly replacing the fishmeal content by 24–32%

ジョルジュ・バタイユにおける行動の論理と文学

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 鈴木 啓二, 東京大学教授 増田 一夫, 東京大学教授 森山 工, 東京大学名誉教授 湯浅 博雄, 明治大学教授 岩野 卓司University of Tokyo(東京大学

Hydrolyzed Tuna Meat By-Product Supplement for Juvenile Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major, and its Effect on Growth, Enzyme Activity, Plasma Parameters, and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility

A growth experiment was conducted on juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major to investigate the effect of the inclusion in fish diets, of tuna meat by-product hydrolysate which was processed through enzymatic hydrolysis using a commercially available enzyme, derived from Bacillus subtilis. Six experimental diets were formulated in the experiment. Three diets contained 50, 150 and 250 g/kg of TPM-H (tuna meat by-product hydrolysate), and two diets with the unprocessed TPM (tuna meat by-product) at an inclusion level of 50 and 250 g/kg. A control diet was formulated without any addition of the test ingredients. Treatment diets were fed ad libitum to juvenile fish with an initial average body weight of 0.81 ±0.13 g for 56 days. Results of the feeding trial suggest that the inclusion of TPM-H at 250 g/kg in fish diets improved body weight gain rate (3271.58%), feed intake (24.55 g/fish/56 days) and feed conversion efficiency (1.12) of the fish. Apparent nutrient digestibility of hydrolyzed tuna meat by-product improved compared to the unhydrolyzed ingredient. These results suggest that TPM processed as hydrolysates can be efficiently utilized by fish

Disorder-Enhanced Dimensionless Thermoelectric Figure of Merit zT of Non-stoichiometric Organic Conductor (TTT)2I3+δ (δ ≤ 0.1)

Sample dependence of dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) and power factor (PF) were determined for the non-stoichiometric organic conductor (TTT)2I3+δ (TTT = tetrathiatetracene, δ ≤ 0.1) with the simultaneous measurement of the electrical resistivity (ρ), thermopower (S) and thermal conductivity on small single crystals. Both the zT and PF show large sample dependence between 10 and 310 K, even though all the samples have nearly stoichiometric composition of TTT : I3- ~ 2 : 1 (δ ∼ 0). It was found that both the electrical conductivity (σ = 1/ρ) and S increase at room temperature as disorder — that is phase mismatch among the iodine chains — becomes more pronounced. This behavior contrasts the usual tendency that the S decreases as the σ increases in conventional conductors; and suggests a new strategy to improve the zT and PF by introducing an appropriate type of disorder

Gesture imitation performance in community-dwelling older people: assessment of a gesture imitation task in the screening and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia

Takasaki A., Hashimoto M., Fukuhara R., et al. Gesture imitation performance in community-dwelling older people: assessment of a gesture imitation task in the screening and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Psychogeriatrics 24, 404 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.13086.Background: Gesture imitation, a simple tool for assessing visuospatial/visuoconstructive functions, is reportedly useful for screening and diagnosing dementia. However, gesture imitation performance in healthy older adults is largely unknown, as are the factors associated with lower performance. To address these unknowns, we examined the gesture imitation performance of a large number of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Arao City, Kumamoto Prefecture (southern Japan). Methods: The examiner presented the participants with eight gesture patterns and considered it a success if they could imitate them within 10 s. The success rate of each gesture imitation was calculated for three diagnostic groups: cognitively normal (CN) (n = 1184), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 237), and dementia (n = 47). Next, we reorganised the original gesture imitation battery by combining six selected gestures with the following scoring method: if the participants successfully imitated the gestures, immediately or within 5 s, two points were assigned. If they succeeded within 5–10 s, one point was assigned. The sensitivity and specificity of the battery were investigated to detect the dementia and MCI groups. Factors associated with gesture imitation battery scores were examined. Results: Except one complex gesture, the success rate of imitation in the CN group was high, approximately 90%. The sensitivity and specificity of the gesture imitation battery for discriminating between the dementia and CN groups and between the MCI and CN groups were 70%/88%, and 45%/75%, respectively. Ageing, male sex, and a diagnosis of dementia or MCI were associated with lower scores on the gesture imitation battery. Conclusion: Gesture imitation tasks alone may not be sufficient to detect MCI. However, by combining gestures with set time limits, gesture imitation tasks can be a low-burden and effective method for detecting dementia, even in community medicine, such as during health check-ups