Impacts de la Dynamique des Paysages Agraires sur les Activités Agricoles dans la Commune d’adéane en Basse-Casamance (Sénégal)

La présente étude vise à comprendre la dynamique des paysages agraires et ses impacts sur les activités agricoles dans la commune d’Adéane dans un contexte de dégradation des conditions agro-pédologiques. La cartographie diachronique d’occupation des sols de 1968, 2004 et 2016, réalisée avec Arc Gis (10.2), a permis de quantifier l’évolution spatiotemporelle des paysages agraires. Les mesures in situ effectuées dans les rizières, à l’aide du combo Hanna 87 130 (pH et conductivité électrique) et du réfractomètre, mettent en évidence les phénomènes de salinisation (avec un maximum de 25 %o dans les rizières d’Adéane), et de l’acidification (pH de 4 à d’Agnack-petit), à l’origine de la dégradation des conditions agropédologiques. La principale conséquence est le recul des rizières exploitées (45,45 % pour Adéane et 56,65 % pour Agnack-peti entre 1968-2016) et de la forêt claire (100 % pour Adéane et Agnack-petit entre 1968-2016) au profit de l’arboriculture d’anacardiers qui a progressé de 228,46 % à Adéane et de 519,28 % à Agnack-petit. Face à un développement rapide de l’arboriculture d’anacardier dans la commune d’Adéane et au recul des activités agricoles (riziculture et culture de plateau), il demeure important de s’interroger sur la durabilité des systèmes agricoles dans cette Commune dans un contexte de transition agroécologique. This study aims at understanding the dynamics of agrarian landscapes and their impacts on agricultural activities in the town of Adéane in a context of deteriorating agro-pedological conditions. The diachronic cartography of land use of 1968, 2004 and 2016, carried out with Arc Gis (10.2), made it possible to quantify the spatio-temporal evolution of agrarian landscapes. In situ measurements made in the rice fields, using the Hanna 87 130 combo (pH and electrical conductivity) and the refractometer, highlight salinisation phenomena (with a maximum of 25% o in the Adéane rice paddy fields), and acidification (pH 4 to Agnack-small), causing degradation of agro-pedological conditions. The main consequence is the decline of exploited rice fields (45.45% for Adéane and 56.65% for Agnack-peti between 1968-2016) and light forest (100% for Adéane and Agnack-petit between 1968-2016) benefit of the arboriculture of cashew trees which rose by 228.46% in Adéane and 519.28% in Agnack-petit. In view of the rapid development of cashew growing in the commune of Adéane and the decline of agricultural activities (rice growing and plateau farming), it remains important to question the sustainability of agricultural systems in this Commune in a context of agroecological transition

Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs

          The maritime space of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast has become a territory of competition for projects on both local and international scales. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to marine protected areas (MPAs). Moreover, the governance of Marine Protected Areas has become a trend thanks to its participatory approach highlighting the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. In this work, we studied the role of Protected Areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.), and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results shown that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance

Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs

               The maritime zone of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast, has become a competitive area for development projects. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The governance of Marine Protected Areas has also become a trend due to its participatory approach which highlights the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. The framework of the participatory governance has organisational and legal limitations that require corrections sometimes in order to become more effective and efficient. This paper focuses on the role of protected areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.) and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results indicate that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance

Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs

          The maritime space of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast has become a territory of competition for projects on both local and international scales. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to marine protected areas (MPAs). Moreover, the governance of Marine Protected Areas has become a trend thanks to its participatory approach highlighting the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. In this work, we studied the role of Protected Areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.), and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results shown that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance

Analyse Spatiale de l’évolution du Trait de Côte Autour de l’embouchure du Fleuve Casamance (Sénégal) de 1968 à 2017, à Partir de l’outil DSAS

Located south-west of the Senegalese coast, the mouth of the Casamance River is under the influence of natural hydrodynamic factors. Thus, the beaches of the villages located around this mouth are characterized by a highly variable mobility. The purpose of this article is to analyze the variation of the position of the coastline around the mouth of the Casamance River. The methodology is based on the superimposition of a series of multidate images (aerial photographs, Landsat images and Google Earth image). Scanning jobs were done with ArcGIS 10.5 software. From there, the statistical calculations of the rates of evolution of the coastline are made with the model of DSAS4.3. The results obtained through the calculation of the mobility indices (EPR and LRR) showed a very variable dynamics of the coastline revealing two trends: a first period between 1968 and 1986, characterized generally by a progradation and a second period (1986- 2017) characterized in general by a decline in the beach, but with a slower decline between 2004 and 2017.Située au sud-ouest du littoral sénégalais, l’embouchure du fleuve Casamance est sous l’influence des facteurs hydrodynamiques naturels. Ainsi, les plages des villages situés au tour de cette embouchure sont caractérisées par une mobilité très variable. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la variation de la position du trait de côte autour de l’embouchure du fleuve Casamance. La méthodologie est basée sur la superposition d’une série d’images multi-dates (photographies aériennes, images Landsat et image Google Earth). Lestravaux de numérisation ont été faits avec le logiciel ArcGIS 10.5. A partir de là, les calculs statistiques des vitesses d’évolution du trait de côte sont effectués avec le modèle de DSAS4.3. Les résultats obtenus à travers le calcul des indices de mobilité (EPR et LRR) ont montré une dynamique très variable du trait de côte dégageant deux tendances : une première période, comprise entre 1968 et 1986, caractérisée globalement par une progradation et une seconde période (1986-2017) caractérisée globalement par un recul de la plage, mais avec un recul moins rapide entre 2004 et 2017