Déterminants de la supplémentation en vitamine A chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois au Sénégal en 2017 : Étude transversale

Abstract Introduction: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the strategies to prevent vitamin A deficiency. The objective was to study the determinants of VAS in Senegal. Method: This was a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017. Two-stage cluster sampling was used. The study population consisted of children aged 6-59 months. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of VAS. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results: VAS coverage was 63.8%. Its determinants were residence in the South-East (AOR = 2.88; CI95%= 2.19-3.79), Centre (AOR = 2.77; CI95%= 2.14-3.59) and North (AOR =3.57; CI95%= 2.69-7.73) regions, household size ≥ 10 (AOR = 1.28; CI95%= 1.11-1.49), sibling size ≥ 4 (AOR =1.23 ; CI95%= 1.07-1.43), and delivery in a health facility (ARO = 1.35; CI95%= 1.01-1.80), radio use (ARO = 1.46; CI95%= 1.20-1.77), television use (AOR = 1.33; CI95%= 1.12-.157), age group 12-59 months (AOR = 2.5; CI95%=2.14-2.92), vaccination with penta3 (AOR =2; CI95% : 1,53-2,62). Conclusion: VAS coverage is not optimal. Home-based VAS in the western region, promotion of institutional delivery, mass communication, strengthening of vaccinators' knowledge on VAS would be necessary.  La supplémentation en vitamine A (SVA) est une des stratégies de prévention de la carence en vitamine A. L’objectif était d’étudier les déterminants de la SVA au Sénégal. Il s’agissait d’une analyse secondaire de l’enquête démographique et de santé conduite en 2017. Un échantillonnage en grappes à deux degrés était réalisé. La population d’étude était constituée des enfants âgés de 6 à59 mois. La régression logistique a permis l’identification des déterminants de la SVA. L’odds ratio ajusté (ORA) et son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%) étaient calculés. La couverture en SVA était de 63,8%. Ses déterminants étaient le fait de résider dans les régions Sud-Est (ORA = 2,88 ; IC95%= 2,19-3,79), Centre (ORA = 2,77; IC95% = 2,14-3,59) et Nord  (ORA =3,57; IC95%= 2,69-7,73), la taille du ménage ≥ 10 (ORA = 1,28 ; IC95%= 1,11-1,49), la taille de la fratrie ≥ 4 (ORA =1,23 ; IC95%= 1,07-1,43), et l’accouchement en établissement sanitaire (ORA = 1,35 ; IC95%= 1,01-1,80), l’utilisation de la radio (ORA = 1,46 ; IC95%= 1,20-1,77), l’utilisation de la télévision (ORA = 1,33; IC95%= 1,12-,157), la tranche d’âge 12-59 mois (ORA = 2,5 ; IC95%=2,14-2,92), la vaccination par le penta3 (ORA =2 ; IC95% :1,53-2,62). La couverture en SVA n’est pas optimale. La SVA à domicile dans la région Ouest, la promotion de l’accouchement institutionnel, la communication de masse, le renforcement des connaissances des vaccinateurs sur la SVA seraient nécessaires.

Déterminants de la supplémentation en vitamine A chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois au Sénégal en 2017 : Étude transversale

Abstract Introduction: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the strategies to prevent vitamin A deficiency. The objective was to study the determinants of VAS in Senegal. Method: This was a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017. Two-stage cluster sampling was used. The study population consisted of children aged 6-59 months. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of VAS. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results: VAS coverage was 63.8%. Its determinants were residence in the South-East (AOR = 2.88; CI95%= 2.19-3.79), Centre (AOR = 2.77; CI95%= 2.14-3.59) and North (AOR =3.57; CI95%= 2.69-7.73) regions, household size ≥ 10 (AOR = 1.28; CI95%= 1.11-1.49), sibling size ≥ 4 (AOR =1.23 ; CI95%= 1.07-1.43), and delivery in a health facility (ARO = 1.35; CI95%= 1.01-1.80), radio use (ARO = 1.46; CI95%= 1.20-1.77), television use (AOR = 1.33; CI95%= 1.12-.157), age group 12-59 months (AOR = 2.5; CI95%=2.14-2.92), vaccination with penta3 (AOR =2; CI95% : 1,53-2,62). Conclusion: VAS coverage is not optimal. Home-based VAS in the western region, promotion of institutional delivery, mass communication, strengthening of vaccinators' knowledge on VAS would be necessary.  La supplémentation en vitamine A (SVA) est une des stratégies de prévention de la carence en vitamine A. L’objectif était d’étudier les déterminants de la SVA au Sénégal. Il s’agissait d’une analyse secondaire de l’enquête démographique et de santé conduite en 2017. Un échantillonnage en grappes à deux degrés était réalisé. La population d’étude était constituée des enfants âgés de 6 à59 mois. La régression logistique a permis l’identification des déterminants de la SVA. L’odds ratio ajusté (ORA) et son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%) étaient calculés. La couverture en SVA était de 63,8%. Ses déterminants étaient le fait de résider dans les régions Sud-Est (ORA = 2,88 ; IC95%= 2,19-3,79), Centre (ORA = 2,77; IC95% = 2,14-3,59) et Nord  (ORA =3,57; IC95%= 2,69-7,73), la taille du ménage ≥ 10 (ORA = 1,28 ; IC95%= 1,11-1,49), la taille de la fratrie ≥ 4 (ORA =1,23 ; IC95%= 1,07-1,43), et l’accouchement en établissement sanitaire (ORA = 1,35 ; IC95%= 1,01-1,80), l’utilisation de la radio (ORA = 1,46 ; IC95%= 1,20-1,77), l’utilisation de la télévision (ORA = 1,33; IC95%= 1,12-,157), la tranche d’âge 12-59 mois (ORA = 2,5 ; IC95%=2,14-2,92), la vaccination par le penta3 (ORA =2 ; IC95% :1,53-2,62). La couverture en SVA n’est pas optimale. La SVA à domicile dans la région Ouest, la promotion de l’accouchement institutionnel, la communication de masse, le renforcement des connaissances des vaccinateurs sur la SVA seraient nécessaires.

Consequences of school closures due to COVID-19 in DRC, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda.

In 2020 and 2021, Governments across the globe instituted school closures to reduce social interaction and interrupt COVID-19 transmission. We examined the consequences of school closures due to COVID-19 across four sub-Saharan African countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. We conducted a qualitative study among key informants including policymakers, school heads, students, parents, civil society representatives, and local leaders. The assessment of the consequences of school closures was informed by the Diffusion of Innovations theory which informed the interview guide and analysis. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. Across the four countries, schools were totally closed for 120 weeks and partially closed for 48 weeks. School closures led to: i) Desirable and anticipated consequences: enhanced adoption of online platforms and mass media for learning and increased involvement of parents in their children's education. ii) Desirable and unanticipated consequences: improvement in information, communication, and technology (ICT) infrastructure in schools, development and improvement of computer skills, and created an opportunity to take leave from hectic schedules. iii) Undesirable anticipated consequences: inadequate education continuity among students, an adjustment in academic schedules and programmes, and disrupted student progress and grades. iv) Undesirable unanticipated: increase in sexual violence including engaging in transactional sex, a rise in teenage pregnancy, and school dropouts, demotivation of teachers due to reduced incomes, and reduced school revenues. v) Neutral consequences: engagement in revenue-generating activities, increased access to phones and computers among learners, and promoted less structured learning. The consequences of school closures for COVID-19 control were largely negative with the potential for both short-term and far-reaching longer-term consequences. In future pandemics, careful consideration of the type and duration of education closure measures and examination of their potential consequences in the short and long term is important before deploying them