TGF-β1 expression by glioma C6 cells in vitro

The aim of the work was to study the impact of fetal rat brain cell supernatant (FRBCS) on the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and p53 in C6 cells of rat glioma in vitro. Materials and Methods: FRBCS was obtained from suspensions of fetal rat brain cells on the 14th (E14) day of gestation. C6 glioma cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of FRBCS or FRBCS + anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody. Immunocytochemical staining for TGF-β1 and p53 was performed. Results: The proportion of TGF-β1-immunopositive tumor cells in C6 glioma cultures was statistically significantly higher than in the control cell cultures of normal fetal rat brain. FRBCS reduced the proportion of TGF-β1-immunopositive tumor cells and increased the proportion of p53-immunopositive cells in C6 glioma cultures. In cells cultured with FRBCS + anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody, the above effects of FRBCS were abrogated. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that TGF-β1 seems to be responsible for decrease in TGF-β1 expression and increase in p53 expression in C6 glioma cells treated with FRBCS

Особенности лечения злокачественных опухолей спинномозговых нервов шейного отдела позвоночника с паравертебральным распространением

Мета: оцінити результати хірургічного лікування пацієнтів із злоякісними пухлинами оболонок периферичних нервових стовбурів (ЗОПНС) з уточненням особливостей їх структури та характеру поширення, визначення прогностично несприятливих морфологічних ознак у злоякісних пухлинах периферичних нервових стовбурів. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження базується на ретроспективному аналізі історій хвороб 48 пацієнтів. Показаннями до операції була наявність прогресуючої неврологічної симптоматики, в результаті пухлинного процесу на рівні шийного відділу хребта, верифікованого методами нейровізуалізації (спондилографія, КТ, СКТ, МРТ). Результати. Прогноз хірургічного лікування у хворих із ЗОПНС залежить від багатьох факторів: гістологічного варіанту пухлини, особливостей локалізації та напрямків поширення новоутворення і радикальності проведеного лікування. ЗОПНС в більшості випадків діагностовано у пацієнтів у віці від 27 до 56 років. Час від появи неврологічної симптоматики до встановлення діагнозу варіює від декількох тижнів до одного року. Висновки. Визначення тактики операції і вибору хірургічного доступу є важливою складовою для досягнення тривалої ремісії. Вибір адекватного підходу дозволяє тотально видалити пухлину, зменшує час втручання, крововтрату, травматизацію нервових структур при видаленні новоутворення.Цель: оценить результаты хирургического лечения пациентов со злокачественными опухолями оболочек периферических нервных стволов (ЗОПНС) с уточнением особенностей их структуры и характера распространения, определение прогностически неблагоприятных морфологических признаков в злокачественных опухолях периферических нервных стволов. Материалы и методы. Исследование базируется на ретроспективном анализе историй болезней 48 пациентов. Показаниями к операции было наличие прогрессирующей неврологической симптоматики, в результате опухолевого процесса на уровне шейного отдела позвоночника, верифицированного методами нейровизуализации (спондилография, КТ, СКТ, МРТ). Результаты. Прогноз хирургического лечения у больных с ЗОПНС зависит от многих факторов: гистологического варианта опухоли, особенностей локализации и направлений распространения новообразования и радикальности проведенного лечения. ЗОПНС в большинстве случаев диагностирован у пациентов в возрасте от 27 до 56 лет. Время от появления неврологической симптоматики до установления диагноза варьирует от нескольких недель до одного года. Выводы. Определение тактики операции и выбора хирургического доступа является важной составляющей для достижения длительной ремиссии. Выбор адекватного подхода позволяет тотально удалить опухоль, уменьшает время вмешательства, кровопотерю, травматизацию нервных структур при удалении новообразования.Introduction. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MNST) with specification of the peculiarities of their structure and extension pattern, and to determine prognostically unfavorable morphological features in malignant tumors of peripheral nerves. Materials and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 48 patients. The indication for the operation was worsening neurological symptoms as a result of the tumor process in the cervical spine, verified by methods of neuroimaging (spondylography, CT, SCT, MRI). Results. he expected response to surgical treatment in patients with MPNST depends on many factors: localization, directions of neoplasm extension, radical nature of the treatment and the histological variant of the tumor. In most cases, MNST is diagnosed in patients aged 27 to 56 years. The time from the onset of neurological symptoms to diagnosis varies from several weeks to one year. Conclusions. Determining the tactics of surgery and the choice of surgical access is an important component for achieving long remission. The choice of an adequate approach makes it possible to totally remove the tumor, reduces the time of intervention, blood loss, injuries to the nervous structures during removal of the tumor

Multisubunit complex eEF1H in human glial tumors: from mRNA to protein

Aim. To investigate protein level of all subunits of the eukaryotic elongation translation factor eEF1H (eEF1A, eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ and eEF1Bγ) in glial tumors of human brain in comparison with normal brain. Methods. The eEF1H components content has been investigated in human glioblastoma clinical samples by Western blot analysis. Results. To determine the eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ and eEF1Bγ content, the polyclonal antibodies against all eEF1H subunits were obtained. The tendency of the eEF1Bγ protein level to increase in glioblastomas was observed. There were no significant differences in the eEF1A, eEF1Bα and eEF1Bβ protein contents. Conclusions. In the previous report we analysed the expression of all eEF1H subunits in human glial brain tumor on the mRNA level. This study showed that eEF1Bγ was overexpressed while no significant changes in other eEF1H subunits were observed. It suggests a possible function of eEFBγ which is cancer-related and is not connected with the functioning of eEF1H complex in translation.Мета. Проаналізувати вміст усіх субодиниць фактора елонгації трансляції eEF1H (eEF1A, eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ і eEF1Bγ) в гліальних пухлинах головного мозку людини порівняно з умовною нормою. Методи. Компоненти комплексу eEF1H досліджували у клінічних зразках гліальних пухлин людини Вестерн-блот-аналізом. Результати. Для визначення вмісту білків eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ і eEF1Bγ отримано поліклональні антитіла до цих субодиниць. Спостерігали тенденцію до підвищення рівня білка eEF1B в гліобластомах. Відмінності в рівні білків eEF1A, eEF1Bα та eEF1Bβ в гліальних пухлинах у порівнянні з умовною нормою виявилися несуттєвими. Висновки. Ця робота є продовженням попередніх досліджень, де вивчали рівень мРНК, які кодують субодиниці комплексу eEF1H у пухлинах головного мозку людини. Виявлене зростання концентрації білка eEF1Bγ в гліобластомах, що відбувалося на фоні практичної відсутності розбіжностей в експресії інших субодиниць комплексу, може свідчити про виконання субодиницею eEF1Bγ певної пухлинозалежної ролі, окремої від трансляційної функції комплексу eEF1H.Цель. Проанализировать содержание всех субъединиц фактора элонгации трансляции eEF1H (eEF1A, eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ и eEF1Bγ) в глиальных опухолях головного мозга человека по сравнению с условной нормой. Методы. Компоненты комплекса eEF1H исследовали в клинических образцах глиальных опухолей человека Вестерн-блот-анализом. Результаты. Для определения содержания белков eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ и eEF1Bγ получены поликлональные антитела против этих субъединиц. Наблюдалась тенденция к повышению уровня белка eEF1Bγ в глиобластомах. Отличия в уровнях белков eEF1A, eEF1Bα и eEF1Вβ оказались несущественными. Выводы. Эта работа продолжает предыдущие исследования по изучению уровня мРНК, кодирующих субъединицы комплекса eEF1H в опухолях головного мозга человека. Выявленное увеличение концентрации белка eEF1Bγ в глиобластомах, происходящее на фоне практически отсутствующих изменений в уровнях экспрессии других субъединиц комплекса, может указывать на выполнение субъединицей eEF1Bγ определенной опухоль-зависимой роли, отдельной от трансляционного комплекса eEF1H

Особенности лечения злокачественных опухолей спинномозговых нервов шейного отдела позвоночника с паравертебральным распространением

Мета: оцінити результати хірургічного лікування пацієнтів із злоякісними пухлинами оболонок периферичних нервових стовбурів (ЗОПНС) з уточненням особливостей їх структури та характеру поширення, визначення прогностично несприятливих морфологічних ознак у злоякісних пухлинах периферичних нервових стовбурів. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження базується на ретроспективному аналізі історій хвороб 48 пацієнтів. Показаннями до операції була наявність прогресуючої неврологічної симптоматики, в результаті пухлинного процесу на рівні шийного відділу хребта, верифікованого методами нейровізуалізації (спондилографія, КТ, СКТ, МРТ). Результати. Прогноз хірургічного лікування у хворих із ЗОПНС залежить від багатьох факторів: гістологічного варіанту пухлини, особливостей локалізації та напрямків поширення новоутворення і радикальності проведеного лікування. ЗОПНС в більшості випадків діагностовано у пацієнтів у віці від 27 до 56 років. Час від появи неврологічної симптоматики до встановлення діагнозу варіює від декількох тижнів до одного року. Висновки. Визначення тактики операції і вибору хірургічного доступу є важливою складовою для досягнення тривалої ремісії. Вибір адекватного підходу дозволяє тотально видалити пухлину, зменшує час втручання, крововтрату, травматизацію нервових структур при видаленні новоутворення.Цель: оценить результаты хирургического лечения пациентов со злокачественными опухолями оболочек периферических нервных стволов (ЗОПНС) с уточнением особенностей их структуры и характера распространения, определение прогностически неблагоприятных морфологических признаков в злокачественных опухолях периферических нервных стволов. Материалы и методы. Исследование базируется на ретроспективном анализе историй болезней 48 пациентов. Показаниями к операции было наличие прогрессирующей неврологической симптоматики, в результате опухолевого процесса на уровне шейного отдела позвоночника, верифицированного методами нейровизуализации (спондилография, КТ, СКТ, МРТ). Результаты. Прогноз хирургического лечения у больных с ЗОПНС зависит от многих факторов: гистологического варианта опухоли, особенностей локализации и направлений распространения новообразования и радикальности проведенного лечения. ЗОПНС в большинстве случаев диагностирован у пациентов в возрасте от 27 до 56 лет. Время от появления неврологической симптоматики до установления диагноза варьирует от нескольких недель до одного года. Выводы. Определение тактики операции и выбора хирургического доступа является важной составляющей для достижения длительной ремиссии. Выбор адекватного подхода позволяет тотально удалить опухоль, уменьшает время вмешательства, кровопотерю, травматизацию нервных структур при удалении новообразования.Introduction. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MNST) with specification of the peculiarities of their structure and extension pattern, and to determine prognostically unfavorable morphological features in malignant tumors of peripheral nerves. Materials and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 48 patients. The indication for the operation was worsening neurological symptoms as a result of the tumor process in the cervical spine, verified by methods of neuroimaging (spondylography, CT, SCT, MRI). Results. he expected response to surgical treatment in patients with MPNST depends on many factors: localization, directions of neoplasm extension, radical nature of the treatment and the histological variant of the tumor. In most cases, MNST is diagnosed in patients aged 27 to 56 years. The time from the onset of neurological symptoms to diagnosis varies from several weeks to one year. Conclusions. Determining the tactics of surgery and the choice of surgical access is an important component for achieving long remission. The choice of an adequate approach makes it possible to totally remove the tumor, reduces the time of intervention, blood loss, injuries to the nervous structures during removal of the tumor

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042–1111

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis. Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica. Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens. Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias. India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii. Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects' frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.)from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.)on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.)from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042–1111

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis. Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica. Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens. Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias. India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii. Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects' frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.)from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.)on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.)from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes

Fungal Planet description sheets : 1182–1283

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria, Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia, Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil. Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil, Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand, Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.) and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica, Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii, Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta. Norway, Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Butyriboletus parachinarensis on soil in association with Quercus baloot. Poland, Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce Picea abies. Russia, Bolbitius sibiricus on а moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula, Crepidotus wasseri on debris of Populus tremula, Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula, Meruliopsis faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis, Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube, Suillus praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina. Slovakia, Hygrocybe fulgens on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa, Acrodontium burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia ataxacantha, Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis canescens, Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum, Lasionectria sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Lylea dalbergiae on Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of Ekebergia pterophylla, Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens, Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis, Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf litter of Syzygium chordatum, Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix reclinata, Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum, Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra, Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of Combretum kraussii, Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis. Spain, Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden, Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens. Tanzania, Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus. Thailand, Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA, Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica, Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of Spartina alterniflora, Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam, Fistulinella aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimjBiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologyPlant Production and Soil Scienc

Structural characteristics of chronic subdural hematomas in elderly and senile patients and their prognostic significance

o account morphological characteristics Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of diagnosis and treatment of patients with CSDH treated in the neurotrauma department of the Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery NAMS of Ukraine and the City Hospital for Emergency and Emergency Medicine of Zaporizhzhya in 2010‒2019. Among the patients were 80 elderly people, 32 senile and 6 long-lived people. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) was performed in 86.7 % of patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 13.3 %. In 118 cases, surgical intervention was performed (various types and volume), in 67 % ‒ a morphological study of the fragments of the capsule of the CSDH was performed. Results. The indication for surgery in elderly and senile persons with CSDH is the presence of hematomas with a volume of ≥100 cm3, regardless of the severity of the dislocation syndrome. In 95 % of observations, accompanying somatic diseases were detected. Control of treatment effectiveness was carried out with the help of MRI (in 73.5 % of cases) and CT (in 26.5 %). According to the results of histological studies, three variants of the structure of the capsule of CSDH have been established (according to the density of the location of vessels (the level of expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) and the ratio of mesenchymal cells), which, together with clinical data, makes it possible to determine the genesis of CSDH. Also, several variants of the structure of the capsule of CSDH were identified, depending on the timing of the diagnosis and morphological examination. Analysis of the relative number and ratio of different cell pools (lymphocytes, fibroblasts, fibrocytes), quantification of immunopositive cells with a reaction to VEGF antibodies, as well as determination of the number of newly formed vessels per unit area makes it possible to predict the course and risk of recurrence of CSDH. Conclusions. The clinical and diagnostic characteristic of CSDH, characteristic of the elderly and senile, is the presence of hematomas with a volume of ≥100 cm3 and the discrepancy between the severity of the condition, clinical and neurological manifestations, and the degree of expressiveness of dislocation-compression changes according to MSCT/MRI data. It is effective to remove CSDH through 1 – 2 milling holes. Microcraniotomy is considered appropriate for a hematoma with complex neuroimaging architecture (multiple septa, layers, trabeculae), in some cases of hematoma recurrence. If the inner surface of the capsule is turned to the blood clot and is represented by a layer of spindle-shaped cells, this indicates a non-traumatic origin of the hematoma. A staged complex clinical and diagnostic examination for CSDH has both clinical and purely practical significance (especially expert), justifying the costs of treatment and insurance payments, ensures the social adaptation of the patient and brings the solution of these issues closer to international standards. Indications, criteria for choosing tactics and the sequence of performing procedures taking into account risks, prognostic clinical-radiological and structural signs are based mainly on recommendations and consensuses and require further detailed study

The role of gender, age and localization in the clinical manifestation of the cerebral bifurcational-hemodynamic arterial aneurysms

Objective ‒ to evaluate the influence of age, gender and localization on the clinical manifestation of cerebral bifurcational-hemodynamic arterial aneurysms (AA). Materials and methods. The retrospective study is based on the results of a comprehensive examination and surgical treatment of 547 (100 %) patients with bifurcational-hemodynamic cerebral AA in the Department of neurosurgical pathology of head and neck vessels of Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute during the period from 2011 till 2019. Recruiting of the patient to the clinical groups was done during the period between 2011‒2016 with their follow-up examination until 2019. It were enrolled 268 ((49.0 ± 4.2) %) men and 279 ((51.0 ± 4.2) %) women with bifurcational-hemodynamic aneurysms. The age of the patients was 18‒84 years (mean age ‒ 49,0±12,2 year). Results. Clinical manifestation of the cerebral bifurcational-hemodynamic AA was more often seen in patients during working age (16‒60 years) — 430 ((78.5 ± 3.4) %) patients, more often in men (p˂0.05). The peak frequency of clinical manifestation of AA ‒ 34.2 % (187 patients) was seen in the age interval 51‒60 years (the male/female ratio ‒ 51.3 % (96) and 48.7 % (91)). In patients with AA, a significant predominance of women was observed in age group older 61 years (χ2 = 21.68, p 0.05). At other localizations, gender-age dependence was not observed. Multiple cerebral aneurysmal lesions were associated with clinical manifestation at the age of 41‒50 years in males with 3 AA. Conclusions. A statistically significant influence of age, gender and the presence of multiple cerebral AA on the clinical manifestation of the disease was revealed. Localization of AA did not affect the timing of the clinical manifestation

Financial and Legal Background of State and Banking Incentives for Digital Transformation of the Cultural Sphere During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The article is devoted to measures of state and banking stimulation of the digital transformation of cultural organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the need for legal understanding of such concepts of Russian legislation as financial support, methods of financial support. The authors of the study propose regulatory changes to improve the financial and legal mechanism of interaction between participants in tax and public banking legal relations, including government bodies, as well as representatives of the banking sector to provide financial support to cultural organizations. It has been concluded that the state is the main subject of financial support for cultural organizations in Russia during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, at the institutional level, the financial and legal regulation of the provision of such financial assistance has yet to be built