FROM MILITARY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TO MILITARY COGNITIVE INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The article analyzes the trajectory of technology development of military communications systems. It is noted that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress in the field of information, telecommunication and industrial technologies, the formation of new, electronic methods for obtaining, storing, transferring and applying data, information and knowledge naturally stimulates the convergence of military communication systems, information systems, artificial intelligence and weapons. It is shown that the peculiarity of the oncoming, post-information era is increasing emphasis on knowledge acquisition and the development of technologies for their application through special technical systems, called artificial technical cognitive systems (as applied to the military sphere, these technologies are aimed at creating autonomous and intelligent weapons)

Small telescopes being effective: MAGIC or not?

The paper describes the MAGIC multi-mode focal reducer (Monitoring of Active Galaxies by Investigation of their Cores), commissioned on the 1-m Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences in September 2020. Three observational modes are currently realised: photometry, polarimetry, and long-slit spectroscopy. Reducing the focal length makes it possible to obtain a sufficiently large field of view for photometry and a large slit height for spectroscopy of $\sim$12$'$, as well as a large field of view for polarimetry with a quadrupole Wollaston prism of $\sim$6$'$.4. This feature makes the complex study of extended nebulae and galaxies efficient. The MAGIC capabilities are presented in examples of observations of various astronomical objects. The spectral mode in the range of 4000-7200 AA provides the spectral resolution $R \sim$ 1000; for a starlike target up to 14 mag in medium-band filters with a seeing of 1$''$ for 20 minutes of total exposure, the photometry accuracy is better than 0.01 mag and the polarization accuracy is better than 0.6%. Especially for the new focal reducer, an offset guide and a position angle rotation system were implemented. The results of the modernization of the baffle system in the optical scheme of the telescope for the suppression of scattered light are also described

Completion of the 8 MW Multi-Frequency ECRH System at ASDEX Upgrade

Over the last 15 years, the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) system at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak has been upgraded from a 2 MW, 2 s, 140 GHz system to an 8 MW, 10 s, dual frequency system (105/140 GHz). Eight gyrotrons were in routine operation during the current experimental campaign. All gyrotrons are step-tunable operating at 105 and 140 GHz with a maximum output power of about 1 MW and 10 s pulse length. The system includes 8 transmission lines, mainly consisting of oversized corrugated waveguides (I.D. = 87 mm) with overall lengths between 50 and 70 meters including quasi-optical sections at both ends. Further improvements of the transmission lines with respect to power handling and reliability are underway

Overview of progress in European medium sized tokamaks towards an integrated plasma-edge/wall solution

\u3cp\u3eIntegrating the plasma core performance with an edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) that leads to tolerable heat and particle loads on the wall is a major challenge. The new European medium size tokamak task force (EU-MST) coordinates research on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), MAST and TCV. This multi-machine approach within EU-MST, covering a wide parameter range, is instrumental to progress in the field, as ITER and DEMO core/pedestal and SOL parameters are not achievable simultaneously in present day devices. A two prong approach is adopted. On the one hand, scenarios with tolerable transient heat and particle loads, including active edge localised mode (ELM) control are developed. On the other hand, divertor solutions including advanced magnetic configurations are studied. Considerable progress has been made on both approaches, in particular in the fields of: ELM control with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP), small ELM regimes, detachment onset and control, as well as filamentary scrape-off-layer transport. For example full ELM suppression has now been achieved on AUG at low collisionality with n = 2 RMP maintaining good confinement . Advances have been made with respect to detachment onset and control. Studies in advanced divertor configurations (Snowflake, Super-X and X-point target divertor) shed new light on SOL physics. Cross field filamentary transport has been characterised in a wide parameter regime on AUG, MAST and TCV progressing the theoretical and experimental understanding crucial for predicting first wall loads in ITER and DEMO. Conditions in the SOL also play a crucial role for ELM stability and access to small ELM regimes.\u3c/p\u3