Poverty, Livestock and Household Typologies in Nepal

Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihood's and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation. In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for household's income and income sources; secondly, based on the findings, set up household typologies related to livestock to be used to identify household groups within the country to better target specific livestock policies. The analysis presented is based on the data collected in Nepal during the 1996-97 Living Standards Measurement Survey (NLSS I). In conclusion the authors find that poverty in Nepal is mainly a rural phenomenon, where households mostly own land and livestock, and are extremely dependent on agriculture for household income. Livestock is found to contribute significantly to agriculture income both in the form of home production consumed within the households and agriculture cash income. The cash component proves to be especially important for the more isolated areas in which access to cash is very limited and for the landless households. This is leads to a call for policy makers to ensure that policies targeting livestock are put in place, since this will indirectly help the large portion of rural poor in the country.Poverty, livestock, income, Nepal, home consumption, cash income, household typologies, Food Security and Poverty, Livestock Production/Industries,

The Contribution of Livestock to Household Income in Vietnam: A household typology based analysis

Generally the vast majority of poor households in developing countries live in the rural areas and heavily rely on agriculture and agricultural assets for their livelihoods. Vietnam gives evidence of the same patterns whereby 90 percent of the poor live in rural areas and more than 80 percent of the households are involved in the agricultural sector. The analysis presented in this paper focuses specifically on the link between poverty and livestock in Vietnam with the aim of evaluating how livestock contributes to household income and the role livestock plays for poor households. In this context, better understanding the link between livestock and the poor will allow more specific targeting of this group of the population through policies that promote livestock, with the final aim of improving their living standards and identifying a possible route out of poverty. A household typology approach and some econometric analysis are used to gain a better understanding of income profiles and household's livelihood structures. Results of the analysis illustrate the contribution of livestock ownership to household income and how income levels vary across a spectrum based on market integration and reliance on agriculture. Livestock ownership, production efficiency, market integration and income diversification are found to be important factors in income level differences. Policy propositions are provided.Livestock Production/Industries,

WIDER Working Paper 2014/018 Producing biofuels in low-income countries: An integrated environmental and economic assessment for Tanzania

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the research programme from the governments of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Terms of use: Documents in The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic, and social policy-making. Work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world. UNU-WIDER, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160 Helsinki, Finland, wider.unu.edu The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s). Publication does not imply endorsement by the Institute or the United Nations University, nor by the programme/project sponsors, of any of the views expressed. Abstract: This paper evaluates the greenhouse gas emissions and economic impacts from producing biofuels in Tanzania. Sequentially-linked models capture natural resource constraints; emissions from land use change; economywide growth linkages; and household poverty. Results indicate that there are economic incentives to convert unused lands to sugarcane-ethanol production, but only grasslands (not forests) have a reasonable carbon payback period. There are also strong socioeconomic reasons to involve smallholders in feedstock production in order to reduce rural poverty, especially since our results indicate that biofuels have little effect on food production. Yet smallholders require more land than large-scale plantations and so face more binding natural resource and emissions constraints. Overall, environmental constraints alter the economically optimal biofuel strategy for Tanzania by limiting potential poverty reduction. Unlike previous studies, our integrated assessment suggests that a mixed farming system with greater emphasis on large-scale plantations is more appropriate for producing sugarcane-ethanol in Tanzani

The Contribution of Livestock to Household Income in Vietnam: A household typology based analysis

Generally the vast majority of poor households in developing countries live in the rural areas and heavily rely on agriculture and agricultural assets for their livelihoods. Vietnam gives evidence of the same patterns whereby 90 percent of the poor live in rural areas and more than 80 percent of the households are involved in the agricultural sector. The analysis presented in this paper focuses specifically on the link between poverty and livestock in Vietnam with the aim of evaluating how livestock contributes to household income and the role livestock plays for poor households. In this context, better understanding the link between livestock and the poor will allow more specific targeting of this group of the population through policies that promote livestock, with the final aim of improving their living standards and identifying a possible route out of poverty. A household typology approach and some econometric analysis are used to gain a better understanding of income profiles and household's livelihood structures. Results of the analysis illustrate the contribution of livestock ownership to household income and how income levels vary across a spectrum based on market integration and reliance on agriculture. Livestock ownership, production efficiency, market integration and income diversification are found to be important factors in income level differences. Policy propositions are provided

Analyzing the Impact of Food Price Increases: Assumptions about Marketing Margins can be Crucial

This paper shows the importance of explicitly considering marketing margins in analyses of the impact of price changes on the welfare of different segments of the population. Failure to acknowledge the implicit marketing assumptions embedded in an analysis that assumes equal percentage changes for both farm and consumer prices leads to a bias towards finding negative impacts of higher food prices. In addition, the bias is not necessarily uniform across income quintiles; thus, failure to explicitly consider marketing margins could lead one to conclude that the poor are hurt relatively more than the rich by a price increase when in fact the opposite is true, or vice-versa. We provide rules of thumb and simple techniques that may help to ascertain, in many circumstances, the percentage change in consumer prices that is appropriate for a given percentage change in farm prices.Food prices, food policy, poverty, household surveys, marketing margins, distributional impact.

Poverty, Livestock and Household Typologies in Nepal

Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihood's and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation. In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for household's income and income sources; secondly, based on the findings, set up household typologies related to livestock to be used to identify household groups within the country to better target specific livestock policies In conclusion the authors find that poverty in Nepal is mainly a rural phenomenon, where households mostly own land and livestock, and are extremely dependent on agriculture for household income. Livestock is found to contribute significantly to agriculture income both in the form of home production consumed within the households and agriculture cash income. The cash component proves to be especially important for the more isolated areas in which access to cash is very limited and for the landless households. This is leads to a call for policy makers to ensure that policies targeting livestock are put in place, since this will indirectly help the large portion of rural poor in the country

Poverty, Livestock and Household Typologies in Nepal

Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihood's and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation. In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for household's income and income sources; secondly, based on the findings, set up household typologies related to livestock to be used to identify household groups within the country to better target specific livestock policies. The analysis presented is based on the data collected in Nepal during the 1996-97 Living Standards Measurement Survey (NLSS I). In conclusion the authors find that poverty in Nepal is mainly a rural phenomenon, where households mostly own land and livestock, and are extremely dependent on agriculture for household income. Livestock is found to contribute significantly to agriculture income both in the form of home production consumed within the households and agriculture cash income. The cash component proves to be especially important for the more isolated areas in which access to cash is very limited and for the landless households. This is leads to a call for policy makers to ensure that policies targeting livestock are put in place, since this will indirectly help the large portion of rural poor in the country

Poverty, livestock and household typologies in Nepal

Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihoods’ and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation. In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for household’s income and income sources; secondly, based on the findings, set up household typologies related to livestock to be used to identify household groups within the country to better target specific livestock policies In conclusion the authors find that poverty in Nepal is mainly a rural phenomenon, where households mostly own land and livestock, and are extremely dependent on agriculture for household income. Livestock is found to contribute significantly to agriculture income both in the form of home production consumed within the households and agriculture cash income. The cash component proves to be especially important for the more isolated areas in which access to cash is very limited and for the landless households. This is leads to a call for policy makers to ensure that policies targeting livestock are put in place, since this will indirectly help the large portion of rural poor in the country.Agricultural sector, Animal husbandry, Household food security, Households, Income, Livestock, Nepal, Poverty, Rural areas