Analyse sociopolitique des enjeux socio-économiques liés à la génomique forestière : étude de cas du Québec

Ce mémoire présente une étude exploratoire dont l'objectif principal est de mieux comprendre le cadre politique et institutionnel entourant les enjeux socio-économiques de la génomique forestière au Québec. Elle vise à identifier les conditions optimales permettant la valorisation de la recherche et la mise en application de résultats découlant d'outils diagnostiques telle la sélection assistée par marqueurs moléculaires (SAMM). Une méthodologie qualitative a été utilisée. Les résultats proposent que la majorité des groupes d'intérêt est en faveur de la valorisation de la recherche, mais il en est autrement pour la mise en application. Des conditions optimales d'ordres divers devraient aider à soutenir les activités de recherche. Elles sont également susceptibles de favoriser la mise en oeuvre des résultats découlant de la SAMM et ainsi minimiser le risque de controverse. Il ne semble pas y avoir de relation directe entre le rôle des groupes et leur influence. Éventuellement, cette étude aidera à mettre au point des outils de transfert de connaissances adaptés au contexte québécois

Depressive symptoms and food intake among weight-preoccupied women : do eating behaviors and attitudes or BMI mediate this association?

Associations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional eating behaviors and attitudes, higher food intake and body mass index (BMI) have been previously observed. However, few studies have assessed these variables in the same study. The first objective is to compare, in a natural setting environment, the profile of women reporting lower or higher levels of depressive symptoms in terms of food intake, eating behaviors and attitudes, and BMI. The second objective is to test mediational models for which the link between depressive symptoms and food intake would be mediated by eating behaviors and attitudes or BMI. Weight-preoccupied women were recruited (n = 323), and their level of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. The median score was used to create two groups (lower = 13; higher > 13). A web-based foodfrequency questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Intuitive Eating Scale were completed. BMI was calculated from reported body weight and height. Compared to women with a lower level of depressive symptoms, those with a higher level of depressive symptoms reported a higher energy intake (p = 0.02), and a higher consumption of savoury foods (p = 0.02). These women also had higher scores of disinhibition (p < 0.0001) and susceptibility to hunger (p = 0.0002), ate less intuitively (p < 0.03), and had a higher BMI (p = 0.005). Association between depressive symptoms and energy intake was mediated by disinhibition, susceptibility to hunger and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, while the role of BMI was less clear. Regarding another component of food intake, association between depressive symptoms and consumption of savoury foods was mediated by disinhibition and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons. In summary, it seems essential to be aware of the presence of depressive symptoms and to pay attention to eating behaviors and attitudes in interventions among weight-preoccupied women

Predictors of mental health among male university employees during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced university staff to change their work practices. This has had an impact on their work performance and has caused various stresses. Until now, little attention has been paid to males working in this type of educational institution. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on males working in educational institutions. Methods: A quantitative study with three phases of data collection was conducted at eleven Canadian universities. Between 264 and 371 males completed an online questionnaire with validated tests to measure their level of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress. Results: During the first year of the pandemic, anxiety and depression scale scores increased while post-traumatic stress scores decreased. This study also revealed that the feelings and meanings that males gave to the pandemic played a very important role in their mental health. Conclusions: University administrations should not underestimate the suffering that male employees may experience during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic

Physiological Correlates of Endurance Time Variability during Constant-Workrate Cycling Exercise in Patients with COPD

RATIONALE: The endurance time (T(end)) during constant-workrate cycling exercise (CET) is highly variable in COPD. We investigated pulmonary and physiological variables that may contribute to these variations in T(end). METHODS: Ninety-two patients with COPD completed a CET performed at 80% of peak workrate capacity (W(peak)). Patients were divided into tertiles of T(end) [Group 1: <4 min; Group 2: 4-6 min; Group 3: >6 min]. Disease severity (FEV(1)), aerobic fitness (W(peak), peak oxygen consumption [VO2(peak)], ventilatory threshold [VO2(VT)]), quadriceps strength (MVC), symptom scores at the end of CET and exercise intensity during CET (heart rate at the end of CET to heart rate at peak incremental exercise ratio [HR(CET)/HR(peak)]) were analyzed as potential variables influencing T(end). RESULTS: W(peak), VO2(peak), VO2(VT), MVC, leg fatigue at end of CET, and HR(CET)/HR(peak) were lower in group 1 than in group 2 or 3 (p≤0.05). VO2(VT) and leg fatigue at end of CET independently predicted T(end) in multiple regression analysis (r = 0.50, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: T(end) was independently related to the aerobic fitness and to tolerance to leg fatigue at the end of exercise. A large fraction of the variability in T(end) was not explained by the physiological parameters assessed in the present study. Individualization of exercise intensity during CET should help in reducing variations in T(end) among patients with COPD

Les retombées du projet de médiation culturelle TV des aînés du Saguenay sur les intervenants

Au Québec, en 2010, un projet de médiation culturelle a permis à une vingtaine d’aînés de concevoir et de produire diverses capsules télévisuelles avec l’aide de professionnels. Ce projet pilote a fait l’objet d’une évaluation antérieure et postérieure à l’intervention auprès des professionnels utilisant la méthode du focus-groups comme technique de collecte de données. Cette étude a permis de constater la présence de retombées positives chez ces intervenants tant sur leur vie professionnelle que personnelle. Leur participation à ce projet leur a entre autres permis de constater et de mettre en pratique leurs capacités d’intervention en milieu culturel ainsi que leurs habiletés à faire face aux changements. À la suite de leurs contacts avec des aînés actifs et créatifs, ils ont également modifié leur conception de la vieillesse et réduit leurs appréhensions face à leur propre vieillissement

TV des aînés de Saguenay : les retombées d'un projet de médiation culturelle sur les personnes âgées

Retombées du projet pilote "La TV des aînés de Saguenay" qui a permis à 24 personnes âgées de produire six émissions de télévisio

Les retombées de l’intervention en situation de crise, de tragédie ou de sinistre sur la vie professionnelle et personnelle des intervenants sociaux des CSSS du Québec

Le présent article expose les faits saillants d’une étude portant sur les retombées de l’intervention en situation de crise, de tragédie et de sinistre sur la vie professionnelle et personnelle des intervenants sociaux travaillant dans 51 Centres de santé et de services sociaux du Québec (CSSS). Les principaux résultats présentés ici suggèrent que certains symptômes liés au stress post-traumatique secondaire (traumatisme vicariant) et à la fatigue de compassion seraient présents chez un nombre assez restreint d’intervenants. En contrepartie, les phénomènes de résilience vicariante et de satisfaction de compassion seraient constatés chez plusieurs d’entre eux