Role of Spatial Dispersion of Creative Capital for Understanding Regional Differences in Spain

It has been argued that ‘creative class’ as a source of growth has gained increasing attention in recent years. According to Florida, a main factor in explaining creativity driven growth is the locational choice of creative people. This research investigates the spatial distribution of creative capital and its effects on regional disparities by considering geographic differences of human capital and employment. First we analyze the dispersion of creative capital related with the dispersion of employment, human capital and regional inequalities. Second, this dispersion is tried to be used as a possible factor behind the differences in Spain. There are high regional differences in terms of creative employment endowments and this picture is persistent for year 1996 and 2004. Results indicate that for both 1996 and 2004 creative employment is spatially dependent. Since this finding only gives clues at a very general level (global in this sense) its decomposition can increase the information set regarding the dispersion of creative employment at the local level. Findings also indicate that there are hot spots in mostly the north eastern geography of Spain. Creative capital is spatially unequal. In line with central aim of this research, our central concern is to carry out this discussion towards the relationship between this unequal pattern and general regional differences in Spain. There is similarity between the geographical patterns in regional inequalities and creative employment endowments. According to the objectives, models containing valuable information about regional development differences in Spain are constructed for year 2004. Models show that creative employment is influencing the differences in regional per capita income in Spain. Finally, it is interesting that in the final model, once we control for the human capital development level of the population for each provinces, creative capital (as well as sectoral composition) fails to explain the regional income differences. In short results of the final model should not be regarded as the insufficiency of the creative capital to explain regional differences; rather it should be remarked that human capital development is dominating the impact of the creative capital.

“Geography of talent and regional differences in Spain”

Tentative empirical evidence suggests that the agglomeration of talent contributes to regional development. However, given that talented people are not evenly distributed across regions, this paper seeks to determine how the concentration of talent affects patterns of regional development. Here, we empirically evaluate the effects of the distribution of talent on regional differences by means of a detailed analysis of the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain between 1996 and 2004. We hypothesise that regions specialising in strategic sectors that are creative and which can be assumed to enjoy rapid growth in productivity will experience faster rates of development and, in turn, that this concentration of talent will have a positive impact on the region’s economic performance. Thus, we believe that this mechanism can explain the marked regional imbalances in Spain. Our findings confirm that regional differences, measured in terms of GDP per capita and by, - industrial and service- oriented production, are influenced by the Communities’ talent bases as determined by, educational attainment and employment in assumed to be strategic for regional development, inasmuch as these sectors provide economic specialization.Talent, Regional differences, Panel data, Spain. JEL classification: C33, O18, R11, J24.

Church Broughton Parish, Derbyshire: An oral history, 1900-1940

This study is an oral history of a Derbyshire dairying parish during the first forty years of the twentieth century. The aim was to discover the nature and cohesion of society in a parish with no resident lord of the manor, the effects on the parish of changes in agricultural practice and the impact of government interventions on the lives of individuals. The lives of residents were affected by the history and layout of the parish, based on the geography and previous ownership. Having no resident lord of the manor generated a social structure with three layers: firstly, seven key people, outsiders who did not own land, secondly, networks of small landowners and artisans, who had lived there for generations, finally, labourers, many also families of long standing. Religion was important in supporting this social structure. Being an ‘open’ parish had enabled a chapel to be built and the provision of a school, though not all children attended this school. Through widespread ownership, there was a freedom to live and work without being beholden to neighbouring estates, as alternative employment could be found elsewhere for any surplus workers. Mechanisation improved farming practice, but, though government intervention during the First World War helped, the downturn afterwards and competition between farmers meant dairying was precarious, until the foundation of the Milk Marketing Board in 1933 to control production and price. The sale of the Duke of Devonshire’s farms in 1918 to the occupiers and the County Council removed the prestige that his tenants had enjoyed. The retirement of key people, headmaster, church warden farmers and vicar, in the 1920s and 1930s, weakened ties and put greater reliance on government provision. Relationships were further disrupted when entrepreneur Basil Mallender bought Barton Blount, in 1925, and tried to align Church Broughton with his estate and impose his authority, generally against the wishes of villagers, who were accustomed to a cooperative community. Collecting oral contributions and letters from parishioners began in 1972 and was supplemented with documentary evidence from the church chest, Derby Local History Library and Derbyshire County archives. This research is unusual, following the earlier oral history method of George Ewart Evans and Raphael Samuel - open-ended interviews over time, with seventy contributors, that uncovered the feelings people had about their situation - but is also original, because small ‘open’ parishes have not attracted research in the same way as estate parishes. It revealed relationships that showed an ordered and tolerant community enjoying the social aspects of religion and willing to defend itself from Basil Mallender. However, progress in agriculture and greater intervention from government, meant that the experiences contributors described proved to be, in George Ewart Evans words, a ‘prior culture’ on the point of disappearing

Criminal Law - Delay in Imposition of Sentence as Destroying Jurisdiction of Trial Court

Defendant was tried for burglary in April 1952. Before judgment was rendered, a petition for his commitment to the Indiana Village for Epileptics was granted, and the trial court entered judgment in July 1952 that it continue the matter under advisement so long as defendant remained in the Epileptic Village and complied with the rules and regulations. In September 1952 defendant escaped from the Epileptic Village and was later apprehended. He was brought to trial in April 1953. The court found that he had not complied with the judgment of July 1952, found him guilty as charged, and sentenced him to ten to twenty years. On appeal, defendant asserted that the trial court had lost its jurisdiction of his person by the long delay in passing sentence. Held, judgment reversed. On the basis of the Indiana Constitution\u27s guaranty of a speedy trial, and established precedent, defendant was entitled to have sentence pronounced with reasonable promptness, and unusual delay, not for some recognized purpose, deprives the court of jurisdiction of the defendant\u27s person. Taylor v. State, (Ind. 1954) 120 N.E. (2d) 165

White: The Jacksonians

A Review of The Jacksonians. By Leonard D. Whit

Exploring an Impaired Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Response to Skeletal Muscle Damage in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Skeletal muscle is an adaptive tissue that possesses an innate ability to fully regenerate from a damaging stimulus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) elicits a pathophysiological environment that prevents normal skeletal muscle regeneration by dysregulating key events in the regenerative process. It has been shown that the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) response to skeletal muscle damage is blunted in murine models of T1DM. S1P content normally increases in skeletal muscle acutely (within seven days) following damage to promote regeneration, and an absence of this response results in inadequate recovery. Thus, the lack of S1P accumulation seen in skeletal muscle of diabetic rodents following damage has the potential to contribute to impaired muscle regeneration. This investigation aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this response by assessing: 1) S1P content via Liquid-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry and 2) expression level of proteins that regulate S1P content via SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. Results from this study show a blunted S1P response to skeletal muscle damage in a T1DM model as S1P content is reduced in Akita mice five days into regeneration. Furthermore, it was found that while sphingosine lyase (SPL) expression increased in both the T1DM models and WT mice following muscle damage, this expression was significantly greater in the diabetic condition. Total sphingosine kinase 1 content was also found to be increased five days following damage, but there was no significant effect of diabetes. Thus, the greater expression of SPL in the T1DM model suggests that S1P is degraded at a faster rate, preventing the normal accumulation of S1P following skeletal muscle damage. Future research should aim to identify the cause of this overexpression and the impact it has on skeletal muscle regeneration

Forster, John L. Secondary School Yearbook 1959-1960

Called the Spartaloguehttps://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1216/thumbnail.jp

Medina: Judge Medina Speaks

A Review of Judge Medina Speaks. By Harold R. Medin