Performance Analysis of Hoeffding Trees in Data Streams by Using Massive Online Analysis Framewor

Present work is mainly concerned with the understanding of the problem of classification from the data stream perspective on evolving streams using massive online analysis framework with regard to different Hoeffding trees. Advancement of the technology both in the area of hardware and software has led to the rapid storage of data in huge volumes. Such data is referred to as a data stream. Traditional data mining methods are not capable of handling data streams because of the ubiquitous nature of data streams. The challenging task is how to store, analyse and visualise such large volumes of data. Massive data mining is a solution for these challenges. In the present analysis five different Hoeffding trees are used on the available eight dataset generators of massive online analysis framework and the results predict that stagger generator happens to be the best performer for different classifiers

Multivariate Analysis of Dengue in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

BACKGROUND : Dengue is a viral infection with potential fatal complications. It is considered as one of the worlds major emerging tropical diseases. More than 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection and more than 100 countries have endemic transmission. The emergence and reemergence of dengue is attributed to demographic and societal changes with increased movement of people from endemic areas and inadequate mosquito control measures. It is an emerging disease in Tamilnadu. Dengue virus is an enveloped ssRNA virus of 45-50 nm belonging to Genus flavivirus and Family flaviviridae. Dengue is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It causes wide spectrum of illness ranging from undifferentiated illness to Dengue haemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome. Specific IgM and IgG detection has been the mainstay of diagnosis for a long time. Dengue specific antigen is found to be highly specific and reliable marker from the first day of diagnosis. AIM AND OBJECTIVES : To study the multivariate analysis of Dengue with serological differentiation of primary (PD) and secondary dengue (SD), comparative evaluation of Immunochromatography (ICT) with Immunocapture Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and special emphasis on Nonstructural protein( NS1) antigen as an early diagnostic marker . To correlate Dengue clinically with haematological and biochemical profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS : After taking informed consent, blood was drawn from three hundred and fifty suspected cases and were subjected to both ICT and ELISA.ELISA positive cases were analysed further. Accuracy indices of ICT were calculated using ELISA as reference assay. RESULTS : Out of 350 samples tested ,107 were positive by ELISA (30.5%) for one or more serological markers. The common age group affected were 0-10 years in both sexes with male : female ratio of 1.6:1.Incidence was high during November to December 2011& January , May, june & July 2012. Clinically seropositives were classified as Dengue fever, Dengue haemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome. There was significant association of thrombocytopenia, HCT and WBC count with Dengue fever, DHF and DSS. The107 seropositives by ELISA were categorized as primary and secondary dengue based on duration of fever and serological markers. Out of 107, 27 were positive for NS1only, 9 were positive for IgM alone, only 6 showed IgG alone. More than one marker was detected in the remaining 65 samples. In 48 primary dengue cases NS1 had higher positivity and in secondary dengue IgM&IgG ratio >1 had higher positivity. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the ICT were calculated using ELISA as reference for individual markers which showed moderate performance. Haematological and biochemical profile also showed statistical significance in association with Dengue fever, DHF and DSS. CONCLUSION : Inclusion of NSI in the routine diagnosis of dengue increases the detection rate of cases significantly in the early period. Irrespective of fever duration, all the three ELISA must be done to rule out Dengue infection like NS1, IgM, and IgG. Immunocapture ELISA is reliable and sensitive than ICT even though it is highly specific. Haematological and biochemical tests should also be given importance along with serological markers for dengue diagnosis and management

A Prospective Randomized Single Blinded Comparison of the Effects of Caudally Administered Levobupivacaine 0.25%, Bupivacaine 0.25% and Ropivacaine 0.25% on Pain and Motor Blockade In Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries

BACKGROUND: Caudal anesthesia is widely used as intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in children for infraumblical surgeries to reduce stress response to surgery and to facilitate general anesthesia. AIM OF THE STUDY: The Aim of the study is to compare the effects of caudal Bupivacaine 0.25%,Levobupivacaine 0.25% and Ropivacaine 0.25% in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Primary outcome measured the degree of analgesia and motor blockade postoperatively.Secondary outcome measured the hemodynamic parameters and adverse effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, single blinded study included 75 patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups. L (levobupivacaine) 1ml/kg 0.25%, B(bupivacaine) 1ml/kg 0.25%,and R group (ropivacaine) 1ml/kg 0.25%. Postoperative pain was assessed by CHILDREN AND INFANTS POSTOPERATIVE PAIN SCALE(CHIPPS) and motor block by BROMAGE SCALE. RESULT: The mean duration of analgesia for Bupivacaine group is 6.06 hours ; Levobupivacaine group -5.91 hours and ropivacaine group, 5.85 hours. The difference statistically insignificant.(p = 0.412). The mean duration of motor blockade in Bupivacaine group is 2.3 hours whereas in Levobupivacine it is 1.51 hours and in Ropivacine group it is 1.39 hours which is significant statistically with a p value of 0.001. There is no difference with respect to hemodynamic changes within the three groups. CONCLUSION: The study result concludes that caudal Levobupivacaine (0.25%) and Ropivacaine (0.25%) provides an equally effective postoperative analgesia in children, with a lesser degree of motor blockade and an increased safety margin when compared with Bupivacaine (0.25%), facilitating them a suitable agent for day care surgery

Impact of spermiogram and sperm function test in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss

Aims: To evaluate the role of sperm factors in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss cases. Methods: We recruited 100 male subjects where their female partners experienced 2 or more idiopathic pregnancy losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) males were grouped into two groups RPL1 (individuals having 2 abortion) and RPL2 (individuals having more than 2 abortions). Fifty volunteers who had fathered child/children prior to the study without the history of recurrent pregnancy loss and unassisted pregnancies were considered as control group. We grouped RPL males into two categories age below 35 years and above 35 years to test whether age plays any role on RPL. Routine semen parameters and sperm function test were performed for all the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent- Samples T test. Results: Insignificant differences were observed in seminal volume, pH, motility and sperm count but vitality test scores were significantly lesser in both RPL groups when compared to control group. For all three sperm function test both the RPL group showed lesser scores when compare to control. RPL2 group showed more abnormalities when compared to RPL1 group. We did not identify any significant difference for any of the parameters between two age group of RPL males. Conclusion: Our results recommend the screening of both partners simultaneous in RPL cases for the better diagnosis and treatment

A rare case of indirect inguinal hernia with ovary as content at a hospital of Visakhapatnam

A hernia is the protrusion of the small intestines or omentum or other organs through a defect in the abdominal wall. Inguinal herniain females is very rare and occurs in <5% of women. Here, we report the case of a 25-year-old female who presented with swellingin the left groin associated with dragging pain in the left iliac fossa. She was investigated and diagnosed as a left indirect inguinalhernia. Hernioplasty was planned and intraoperatively ovary along with fimbria was identified as content. An inguinal ovary mayoccur if the gubernaculum fails to attach to the uterus in fetal life or if the canal of Nuck remains open after birth

Association of phenylthiocarbamide taste blindness trait with early onset of childhood obesity in Mysore

Ability to taste Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) a bitter compound is widely used to know the heritable trait in both genetic and anthropological studies. The study is based on the ability of a person to sense the taste of PTC. Inability to taste has also been associated with medical illness not typically with taste impairment, so far no study has yet proved whether PTC blindness correlates with childhood obesity. This study is the first attempt to examine PTC sensitivity in obese children and healthy children to determine variation in the perception of bitter tastes which is associated with eating behavior, body mass index, and childhood obesity. The present investigation is carried out in Mysore, during years 2008 - 2009. Phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity was measured by administering PTC solution for obese and control children by modified method of Harris and Kalmus. The result focused that tasters were significantly more frequent (67%) than non-tasters (33%) in control population. A higher proportion of non-tasters were observed in obese children (72%) when compare to non-obese subjects (28%). These differences were not explained by alterations in perception of basic taste sensitivity or age.  Increased frequency of non-taster allele is evident in children with obese condition. This could be due to lack of preference for food among non-tasters. As the phenotypic variation in PTC sensitivity is genetic in origin, it may represent a surrogate risk factor for the development of childhood obesity

Overweight and obese men are more prone to infertility-Myth or Fact?

To investigate the association of sub-fertility/ infertility with increased BMI in overweight and obese men and in control group in Karnataka, South India. In this pilot study 20 overweight and obese men, aged 25-45, and 10 normal-weighed men with proven fertility were included. Both groups were married. All cases and controls were evaluated for different semen parameters according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 16.0. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Different infertile conditions are evident among overweight and obese individuals recruited for this study. Variations in the semen parameter are significant in obese men compared to controls but sperm function test does not show statistical significant values in overweight and obese men when compared with control group. In case of oligoasthenospermic subjects pH shows a significant increase (p=0.002) compared to controls. Also the levels of Fructose show a significant decline in both azoospermic (

Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Fungal Laccase from Pleurotus sp.

Laccases are blue copper oxidases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) that catalyze the one-electron oxidation of phenolics, aromatic amines, and other electron-rich substrates with the concomitant reduction of O2 to H2O. They are currently seen as highly interesting industrial enzymes because of their broad substrate specificity. A positive strain was isolated and characterized as nonspore forming Basidiomycetes Pleurotus sp. Laccase activity was determined using ABTS as substrate. Laccase was purified by ionexchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified laccase was a monomer showed a molecular mass of 40 ± 1 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and a 72-fold purification with a 22% yield. The optimal pH and temperature were 4.5 and 65°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values are 250 (mM) and 0.33 (μmol/min), respectively, for ABTS as substrate. Metal ions like CuSO4, BaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl2, ZnCl2 have no effect on purified laccase whereas HgCl2 and MnCl2 moderately decrease enzyme activity. SDS and sodium azide inhibited enzyme activity, whereas Urea, PCMB, DTT, and mercaptoethanol have no effect on enzyme activity. The isolated laccase can be used in development of biosensor for detecting the phenolic compounds from the effluents of paper industries