76 research outputs found

    Potential for Development and Limitations of Regional Business Environment

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    The article considers some questions of institutional support for the development of the regional business environment. In connection with constantly growing social liabilities of regional and municipal authorities, which results in the upsurge of risks of budget imbalance at respective levels, the research provides a foundation to the necessity of forming favorable business environment promoting enterprise activity in regions. The process of creating institutes of a region’s business environment is analyzed with applying a matrix institutional model of entrepreneurship. The article reveals the mechanism stipulating the emergence of specific peculiarities of institutional configurations of the regional business environment. A conclusion is drawn about the decisive role of the institutional configuration of the business environment in the existing differences in the levels of social and economic development of regions. The researchers put forward a hypothesis that supporting a favorable institutional configuration of a region’s business environment that stimulates enterprise activity in the area cannot last indefinitely as its development is of a cyclical nature. Simulation parameters for the formation and maintenance of a favorable institutional configuration of the business environment are given. With the aim of practical application of the suggested approach, the authors suggest a methodology allowing for regional authorities to estimate the expediency of favorable institutional configuration of business environment, and on this basis to formulate rules of play for business so that these rules could boost business activity and increase the contribution of entrepreneurship to the region’s social and economic development. The approach under consideration provides an opportunity to substantiate a theoretical and methodological framework for developing practical mechanisms of projecting and further long-term maintenance of favorable institutional configuration of business environment which will contribute to expanding the region’s business activity, and which is resistant to negative effects of the external environment.Work produced with the financial support of the grant FSBI β€œRussian Humanitarian Science Foundation” in the framework of scientific β€” research project β€œInteraction of authority and business organizations in the municipalities: through compromise to mutual loyaltyΒ» β„– 15-12-02008

    Influence of Administrative Regulation on the Efficiency of Business Activities in the Region

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    The article discusses the theoretical issues of the formation of the administrative regulation mechanisms for business entities. The necessity of the further development of theoretical and methodological base and the application tools for the design of business environment is proved. This can stimulate the growth of business and investment activity in the Russian regions and municipalities. The authors identify two types of government structures influence on the business entities, differentiated by the nature of the targeting impact on the economic activity of business structuresβ€”the administrative pressure and administrative assistance. It is suggested that in practice, high cost implications for compliance with all regulation requirements as well as sanctions for the violation of these requirements create preconditions for the development of informal interaction between entrepreneurs and the representatives of regulatory bodies. Therefore, businessmen try to minimize the costs associated with the implementation of formal administrative requirements, rules and regulations by personal arrangements. A mathematical model for the assessment of the informal interaction between business entities and certain officials of control supervisory authorities is proposed. It allows to determine the range of benefits for economic entities from avoiding the implementation of administrative norms, requirements and rules. It is concluded that unreasonably high level of costs for the implementation of formal administrative requirements rules and regulations by business entities composes the economic basis for the reproduction of informal relations. This determines mutual benefits for a number of entrepreneurs and a part of bureaucracy from various schemes of informal interaction.The article has been prepared with the support of the Grant of the Russian Foundation for Humanities in the framework of the research and development project " Development of a favourable institutional configuration of the regional business environment as the factor to increase the competitiveness of business entities" No. 16–12–02007

    Nonlinear Optical Dynamics and High Reflectance of a Monolayer of Three-Level Quantum Emitters with a Doublet in the Excited State

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    Abstract: We study theoretically the nonlinear optical response of a monolayer of regularly arranged three-level identical quantum emitters with a doublet in the excited state to the action of a monochromatic electromagnetic field quasi-resonant to optical transitions in the emitter. The total retarded dipole–dipole interaction of the emitters is accounted for in the mean-field approximation. This interaction plays the role of a positive feedback, which (in combination with the immanent nonlinearity of emitters themselves) leads to multistability of the monolayer response. The stability of different response branches is analyzed using the Lyapunov exponents method. It is found that the instability type depends on the doublet splitting and changes from self-oscillations to chaos upon increasing the splitting. Another important property of the monolayer is its high (almost 100%) reflectance in a certain frequency range; i.e., within this range, the monolayer operates as a perfect nanometer mirror; moreover, reflection can be switched to transmission changing slightly the incident field amplitude (bistability). The possibility of application of the above mentioned monolayer optical properties in nanophotonics is discussed

    Nonlinear optical dynamics of a 2D semiconductor quantum dot super-crystal: emerging multistability, self-oscillations and chaos

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    We conduct a theoretical study of the nonlinear optical dynamics of a 2D super-crystal comprising regularly spaced identical semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs), subjected to a resonant continuous wave excitation. A single SQD is considered as three-level ladder-like systems involving the ground, one-exciton and bi-exction states. We show that the super-crystal reveals a rich nonlinear dynamics, exhibiting multistability, self-oscillations and chaos. The behaviour is driven by the retarded SQD-SQD interactions and bi-exciton binding energy

    Gaudin Model, Bethe Ansatz and Critical Level

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    We propose a new method of diagonalization of hamiltonians of the Gaudin model associated to an arbitrary simple Lie algebra, which is based on Wakimoto modules over affine algebras at the critical level. We construct eigenvectors of these hamiltonians by restricting certain invariant functionals on tensor products of Wakimoto modules. In conformal field theory language, the eigenvectors are given by certain bosonic correlation functions. Analogues of Bethe ansatz equations naturally appear as Kac-Kazhdan type equations on the existence of certain singular vectors in Wakimoto modules. We use this construction to expalain a connection between Gaudin's model and correlation functions of WZNW models.Comment: 40 pages, postscript-file (references added and corrected

    Configuration of Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems through the Prism of Spatial and Hierarchical Analysis

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    Π’ настоящСС врСмя Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ становится рассмотрСниС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° с ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ взаимосвязанности ΠΈ взаимовлияния элСмСнтов Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… экономичСских систСм, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ взаимодСйствия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ возмоТностСй для ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ этой связи Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… прСдставлСнного исслСдования прСдлагаСтся ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ экосистСмный ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄. Богласно авторской Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π΅, пространствСнная конфигурация продуктивности Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм (РПЭБ) Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ опрСдСляСтся взаимодСйствиСм Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ совокупным влияниСм РПЭБ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ экосистСмы. Π‘ использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ пространствСнного ΠΈ иСрархичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° исслСдованы зависимости развития Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡ… влоТСнности Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ экосистСмы, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° пространствСнной связанности РПЭБ, ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ связи ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бизнСса Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм. На основС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 2310 ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ 85 ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π Π€ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ объСма ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ срСдних прСдприятий Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ рассчитаны Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ индСкс ΠœΠΎΡ€Π°Π½Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ индСкс ГСттиса - ΠžΡ€Π΄Π° для Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ связанности Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ показатСля объСма ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° с ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ экосистСмам (ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌ Π Π€). УстановлСна ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ объСмами ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ срСдних прСдприятий, Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСмах, объСмами ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² собствСнного производства ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹Ρ… прСдприятий ΠΈ срСднСй Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ВыявлСниС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² пространствСнной Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ тСсноты ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… связСй Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… экосистСм позволяСт ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ пространствСнной ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… сообщСств ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° построСниС эффСктивных ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ… развития.Nowadays, entrepreneurship should be analysed from the perspective of interconnectedness and mutual influence of elements of regional economic systems, since the type and intensity of their interaction determine the emergence of windows of opportunity for entrepreneurs. Thus, the present study uses an ecosystem approach. We hypothesise that the spatial configuration of the performance of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (REES) largely depends on the interaction between local entrepreneurial ecosystems, as well as on the cumulative impact of REES on local entrepreneurial ecosystems. Using the methodology of spatial and hierarchical analysis, the study investigates the dependence of the development of local entrepreneurial ecosystems on their embeddedness in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, assesses the spatial connectivity of REES, and considers relationships between small and large businesses in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. The global Moran’s I and the Getis-Ord statistics for regional entrepreneurial ecosystems used to assess their spatial connectivity were calculated based on the analysis of data concerning the shipping volume of large and medium enterprises from 2315 municipalities of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the level of local entrepreneurial ecosystems, the study revealed the link between the variation in the values of the shipping volume of business entities and their belonging to specific regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (constituent entities of the Russian Federation). In addition, a positive relationship was found between the shipping volume of large and medium enterprises operating in local entrepreneurial ecosystems, the shipping volume of goods produced by small enterprises and the average revenue of individual entrepreneurs. Considering the identified factors of spatial determination of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and the closeness of interregional and intermunicipal ties of local entrepreneurial ecosystems, it is possible to generalise the best practices of spatial organisation of regional business communities and create effective development models.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… государствСнного задания ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ FZWU-2020-0027).The article has been prepared in the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (scientific code FZWU-2020-0027)

    Gepner-like models and Landau-Ginzburg/sigma-model correspondence

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    The Gepner-like models of kKk^{K}-type is considered. When k+2k+2 is multiple of KK the elliptic genus and the Euler characteristic is calculated. Using free-field representation we relate these models with Οƒ\sigma-models on hypersurfaces in the total space of anticanonical bundle over the projective space PKβˆ’1\mathbb{P}^{K-1}

    Economic Growth of Municipalities in Russia: Assessment of Unevenness in Time and Space

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    The unevenness of economic development is revealed at all levels of administrative-territorial administration and is an integral feature of the economic space as a whole. The relevance of the study is determined by the unresolved issues of ensuring long-term sustainable growth, determining the optimal level of unevenness that contributes to the effective growth of the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the work is to identify the conditions for variation in the economic growth of Russian municipalities in space and time. The hypothesis of the study is that the uneven economic growth of municipalities is determined simultaneously by the contextual characteristics of the regions in which they are included, and the characteristics of individual time periods. The emphasis is on intergroup and intragroup differences determined by the determinants of time and the hierarchical relationship of administrative territorial units of management within a hierarchical linear model with cross-classified random effects. The study was conducted on the data of 2,016 municipalities in the context of 75 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the period 2015-2019. The results of the study show that 68.4 % of the total variation of municipalities in terms of the volume of shipped goods, works, services for 2015-2019. due to differences in municipalities, 18.9 % - the characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 0.1 % - the determinants of time. The new results of the study are the concretization of the influence of well-known growth factors in relation to individual levels of the territorial hierarchy, as well as the rationale for the inter-level interaction of factors. It is shown that the relationship between investment and production at the municipal level should be considered in conjunction with the share of the extractive industry, and the relationship between wages and production, taking into account the share of agriculture in the\constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results obtained indicate the presence\of regional features, manifested in intermunicipal and interregional spatio-temporal variation, and emphasize the importance of both municipal and regional factors for ensuring the growth of the economy of municipalities. They can be used in the development of recommendations for improving state policy in the field of municipal and regional government.ΠΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ экономичСского развития выявляСтся Π½Π° всСх уровнях административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния ΠΈ являСтся Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ свойством экономичСского пространства Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования опрСдСляСтся Π½Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ вопросов обСспСчСния Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ устойчивого роста, опрСдСлСния ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня нСравномСрности, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ эффСктивному росту всСй экономичСской систСмы страны. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – выявлСниС условий Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономичСского роста ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ России Π² пространствС ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π“ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ экономичСского роста ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ опрСдСляСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ характСристиками Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹, ΠΈ особСнностями ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². АкцСнт сдСлан Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… различиях, опрСдСляСмых Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ иСрархичСской связью административно Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ† управлСния Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… иСрархичСской Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ с кросс-классифицированными случайными эффСктами. ИсслСдованиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 2 016 ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ 75 ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π Π€ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2015–2019 Π³Π³. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ 68,4 % ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚, услуг Π·Π° 2015–2019 Π³Π³. обусловлСно различиями ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, 18,9 % – особСнностями ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π Π€, 0,1 % – Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Новыми Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ конкрСтизация влияниС общСизвСстных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² роста ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ уровням Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ обоснованиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ связь инвСстиций ΠΈ производства Π½Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ слСдуСт Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² увязкС с Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Π° связь Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ производства с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ сСльского хозяйства Π² ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… Π Π€. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ пространствСнно-Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² для обСспСчСния роста экономики ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Они ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ государствСнной ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² области ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния.ΠΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ экономичСского развития выявляСтся Π½Π° всСх уровнях административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния ΠΈ являСтся Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ свойством экономичСского пространства Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования опрСдСляСтся Π½Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ вопросов обСспСчСния Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ устойчивого роста, опрСдСлСния ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня нСравномСрности, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ эффСктивному росту всСй экономичСской систСмы страны. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – выявлСниС условий Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономичСского роста ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ России Π² пространствС ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π“ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ экономичСского роста ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ опрСдСляСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ характСристиками Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹, ΠΈ особСнностями ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². АкцСнт сдСлан Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… различиях, опрСдСляСмых Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ иСрархичСской связью административно Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ† управлСния Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… иСрархичСской Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ с кросс-классифицированными случайными эффСктами. ИсслСдованиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 2 016 ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ 75 ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π Π€ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2015–2019 Π³Π³. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ 68,4 % ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚, услуг Π·Π° 2015–2019 Π³Π³. обусловлСно различиями ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, 18,9 % – особСнностями ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π Π€, 0,1 % – Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Новыми Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ конкрСтизация влияниС общСизвСстных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² роста ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ уровням Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ обоснованиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ связь инвСстиций ΠΈ производства Π½Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ слСдуСт Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² увязкС с Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Π° связь Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ производства с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ сСльского хозяйства Π² ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ… Π Π€. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ пространствСнно-Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² для обСспСчСния роста экономики ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Они ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ государствСнной ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² области ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния.This work is supported b y t he M inistry o f S cience a nd H igher E ducation o f t he Russian Federation (scientific code FZWU-2020–0027).ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… государствСнного задания ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ FZWU-2020–0027)

    Sugar transporters of the SWEET family and their role in arbuscular mycorrhiza

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    Plant sugar transporters play an essential role in the organism’s productivity by carrying out carbohydrate transportation from source cells in the leaves to sink cells in the cortex. In addition, they aid in the regulation of a substantial part of the exchange of nutrients with microorganisms in the rhizosphere (bacteria and fungi), an activity essential to the formation of symbiotic relationships. This review pays special attention to carbohydrate nutrition during the development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a symbiosis of plants with fungi from the Glomeromycotina subdivision. This relationship results in the host plant receiving micronutrients from the mycosymbiont, mainly phosphorus, and the fungus receiving carbon assimilation products in return. While the efficient nutrient transport pathways in AM symbiosis are yet to be discovered, SWEET sugar transporters are one of the three key families of plant carbohydrate transporters. Specific AM symbiosis transporters can be identified among the SWEET proteins. The survey provides data on the study history, structure and localization, phylogeny and functions of the SWEET proteins. A high variability of both the SWEET proteins themselves and their functions is noted along with the fact that the same proteins may perform different functions in different plants. A special role is given to the SWEET transporters in AM development. SWEET transporters can also play a key role in abiotic stress tolerance, thus allowing plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The development of knowledge about symbiotic systems will contribute to the creation of microbial preparations for use in agriculture in the Russian Federation

    Beta-gamma systems and the deformations of the BRST operator

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    We describe the relation between simple logarithmic CFTs associated with closed and open strings, and their "infinite metric" limits, corresponding to the beta-gamma systems. This relation is studied on the level of the BRST complex: we show that the consideration of metric as a perturbation leads to a certain deformation of the algebraic operations of the Lian-Zuckerman type on the vertex algebra, associated with the beta-gamma systems. The Maurer-Cartan equations corresponding to this deformed structure in the quasiclassical approximation lead to the nonlinear field equations. As an explicit example, we demonstrate, that using this construction, Yang-Mills equations can be derived. This gives rise to a nontrivial relation between the Courant-Dorfman algebroid and homotopy algebras emerging from the gauge theory. We also discuss possible algebraic approach to the study of beta-functions in sigma-models.Comment: LaTeX2e, 15 pages; minor revision, typos corrected, Journal of Physics A, in pres
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