Dynamic MDS Matrices for Substantial Cryptographic Strength

Ciphers get their strength from the mathematical functions of confusion and diffusion, also known as substitution and permutation. These were the basics of classical cryptography and they are still the basic part of modern ciphers. In block ciphers diffusion is achieved by the use of Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) matrices. In this paper we present some methods for constructing dynamic (and random) MDS matrices.Comment: Short paper at WISA'10, 201

Gain control in semiconductor optical amplifier

This thesis is concerned with the study of characteristics of commercial Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers-SOAs and their employment in GPONs for the purpose of packet equalization of upstream bursts in order to provide additional loss budget. Additional loss budget is aimed at facilitating the extension of GPONs to provide not only longer distance between central office and end user, but is also expected to increase the number of maximum users that can be connected to a single central office. The problem and the requirements of optical networks are described. After careful investigation into legal and technical dimensions of the situation such as use of certain wavelengths and EDFA’s inabilities, it is concluded that instead of EDFA or an Opto-electronic amplifier, an SOA should be considered for the purpose of employing as an optical amplifier installed in front of burst mode receiver at the central office. Commercial SOAs are used in order to investigate the limitations of SOA so that a suitable solution can be looked for within the functional constraints of the amplifier. The results of parametric measurements including input/output signal power, Gain and saturation are discussed; four different commercial SOAs are assessed with special emphasis on input power dynamics and gain response. The bit error rate -BER analysis is performed on SOAs in the context of the findings of parametric analysis of the SOAs. The effect of varying the input signal power on BER was observed. The receiver sensitivity for BER of 10-9 was measured for various SOA input power values. Power penalty imposed on receiver’s sensitivity, by saturation effects and noise is analysed

Job Satisfaction and Job Commitment through Transformation

The organization performance and its growth mostly depend on its leadership style. Transactional leadership and organizational performance have positive trend for job satisfaction and for career satisfaction in the banking sector. The aim of this study is to find the find the relationship between organizational performance, transactional leadership and job satisfaction in banking sector. A questionnaire type survey was done among different private banks of Pakistan to collect the data. Based on literature review a theoretical model was formulated, and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS statistical software to test all these hypotheses. Results of this study concludes that transformational leadership has significant impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and job satisfaction and organizational commitment are strongly correlated

Late Marriages and Moral Conduct: Ethnography of Males of District Khanewal

Delayed marriage is particularly an ingrained socio-cultural trend among the masses, which is widely prevalent in the Middle East, West Asia, United States and North Africa. The escalating concern about the prevention of health issues, challenged physical condition and psychological disorders among the offspring have led majority of the couples to seek counselling, considering it an imperative aspect of their marital relationship. Despite its advantage, such an approach has caused social confusion and disorder in the society too resulting in delayed marriages. In this regard, the delayed marriage is an interesting anthro-biological problem widespread among the people of Khanewal city. In the face of such challenged physiological functioning of the individuals and the unreliableexisting multi-layered treatment mechanism; masses customarilyobserve and practice this phenomenon

Efficient Group Key Management Schemes for Multicast Dynamic Communication Systems

Key management in multicast dynamic groups, where users can leave or join at their ease is one of the most crucial and essential part of secure communication. Various efficient management strategies have been proposed during last decade that aim to decrease encryption costs and transmission overheads. In this report, two different types of key management schemes are proposed. First proposed scheme is based on One-way function tree (OFT). The proposed scheme fulfills the security gaps that have been pointed out in recent years. Second proposed scheme is based on logical key hierarchy (LKH). This proposed scheme provides better performance for, rather inflexible and expensive, LKH scheme

Comprehensive Efficient Implementations of ECC on C54xx Family of Low-cost Digital Signal Processors

Resource constraints in smart devices demand an efficient cryptosystem that allows for low power and memory consumption. This has led to popularity of comparatively efficient Elliptic curve cryptog-raphy (ECC). Prior to this paper, much of ECC is implemented on re-configurable hardware i.e. FPGAs, which are costly and unfavorable as low-cost solutions. We present comprehensive yet efficient implementations of ECC on fixed-point TMS54xx series of digital signal processors (DSP). 160-bit prime field GF(p) ECC is implemented over a wide range of coordinate choices. This paper also implements windowed recoding technique to provide better execution times. Stalls in the programming are mini-mized by utilization of loop unrolling and by avoiding data dependence. Complete scalar multiplication is achieved within 50 msec in coordinate implementations, which is further reduced till 25 msec for windowed-recoding method. These are the best known results for fixed-point low power digital signal processor to date