Analytical Purity Method Development and Validation by gas Chromatography of L-valine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride for Production of Anti-hypertensive Drugs

Gas chromatography is the most widely used technique in pharmaceutical industry. Analytical chemistry research is largely driven by performance of sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, linear range, accuracy, precision. Validation is founded on but not specifically prescribed by regulatory requirements and is best viewed as an important and integral part of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice). Gas chromatography method has been developed for L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride. It is used for production of anti-hypertensive drug. The Gas Chromatography system was used for method development and method validation with an auto injector and detection was performed by means of flame ionization detector (FID) with capillary column DB-624, 30m length, 0.53mm diameter and 1.0µm thickness. Nitrogen an inert gas was used as carrier gas. The method was validated for precision (system precision and method repeatability), recovery, linearity range, robustness and sample solution stability. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirms the suitability of the method for purity of L-valine methyl ester hydrochlride. It has been found from data of validation criteria that the proposed method has adequate reproducibility and specificity therefore suitable in pharmaceutical industry. Key words: Validation, Gas chromatography, FID, GMP, Pharmaceutical industry

INHIBITION OF PYOCYANIN PRODUCTION IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BY NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM HERBAL EXTRACTS

Objective: P. aeruginosa produces a range of metabolites including pyocyanin that enhance its ability to resist antibiotics and becomes capable of surviving adverse conditions.Method: In this report, eight plants (extracted with five solvents) were screened for antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa by microbroth dilution method. Afterward tested for inhibition of pyocyanin in presence and absence of plant extracts.Result: Among these D. muricata and S. quitoenes exhibited good antibacterial potential. Inhibition of pyocyanin is identified as a potential anti-virulence strategy. Therefore, acetone extract of six plants exhibited MIC ≤3.125mg/ml and methanol extract of three plants exhibited MIC ≤6.25mg/ml were used to check pyocyanin inhibition in P. aeruginosa. In acetone extracts, significant pyocyanin inhibition was found in I. pestigirdis and C. colocynthis. In methanol extracts, C. colocynthis and D. muricata showed considerable pyocyanin inhibition.Conclusion: Overall result indicates that the best antimicrobial compound (growth inhibitor) may not be best inhibitor of pyocyanin biosynthesis or vice-versa. Moreover, I. pestigirdis, C. colocynthis and D. muricata seems to contain compounds which inhibit the growth of bacteria as well as the biosynthesis of pyocyanin.Â

Bioprocessing of Crop Residues using Fibrolytic Enzymes and Flavobacterium bolustinum for Enriching Animal Feed

Flavobacterium bolustinum and its extracellular cellulase were tested for animal feed pretreatment. The fibrolytic enzymes, cellulase and pectinase were applied to various crop residues such as wheat straw, rice straw, corn seeds and sorghum for enriching animal feed. Different parameters like temperature, incubation time and enzyme dose had been optimized for maximum reducing sugar and protein release. The highest amount of reducing sugar obtained was 29.83 mg g-1 dry substrate and soluble protein was 27.34 mg g-1 dry substrate on single cellulase enzyme treatment at 50°C for 6 h. An increase in amount of released reducing sugar (39.5 mg g-1 dry substrate) and protein (33.88 mg g-1 dry substrate) was observed when enzyme cocktail (cellulose and pectinase) was used. Solid state fermentation using F. bolustinum had also been performed for all crop residues. It released higher amount of reducing sugar (41.36 mg g-1) and protein (47.21 mg g-1) as compared to enzymatic treatment. Different substrates resulted in appreciable weight loss by enzymatic treatment (15-35%) as well as fermentation using F. bolustinum (40%). Liquefaction of lignocellulosic rich crop residues, for better utilization of feed has never been reported earlier

Genetic variation and heritability estimation in Jatropha curcas L. progenies for seed yield and vegetative traits

In this study, experiment was conducted on sandy loam soils poor in organic carbon and water holding capacity in southern Haryana, India to determine the best progenies of Jatropha curcas for bio-diesel production. Fifty progenies raised from seed sources collected from nine states of India were evaluated after five years of plantation for growth, seed and oil content traits. The progenies showed significant (P> 0.05) differences for all the traits studied. Maximum seed yield/plant (879.37 g), number of capsules/plant (522.67) and plant height (408.33 cm) was recorded in P-44. Maximum oil content observed in P-37 (36.08%) followed by P-5 (35.64%). The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. Heritability was highest for oil content (95.49%) and 100-seed weight (87.75%) followed by seed yield (75.54%). Total capsules/plant exhibited highest genetic advance (92.69%) followed by number of branches per plant (64.32%). Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis of all 50 progenies using D2 statistics was done where the D2 analysis grouped the progenies into five clusters. The intra cluster distances ranged from 1.33 to 2.72. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (6.43) followed by I and V indicating greater divergence among progenies belonging to these clusters and an attempt to cross the progenies in these clusters should bring out desirable gene combinations. These progenies showed considerable potential which can be tapped for planting and selecting the improved varieties

A comparative study of antenatal and fetal complications in pregnant women with and without history of polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome in the present generation is a very common reproductive disorder and the prevalence is on the rise. Aim of the current study was to compare the maternal outcome in normal and women with PCOS.Methods: This study was a case-control study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Jaipur from May 2019 to August 2020. Pregnant women with history of PCOS were taken as cases and with no such history were controls.Results: 9.49% women developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in cases as compared to 1.61% women in control group. The difference in the incidence of GDM in the two groups was statistically significant. When hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were considered, a statistically significant difference was observed as 11.2% cases and 2.42% controls showed HDP. Mean birth weight of neonate in cases was 2.43±0.31 kg and in control group was 2.71±0.29 kg. Mean APGAR score at 1 minute in cases was 6.21±1.23 and in controls was 7.21±0.24. APGAR score at 5 minutes in PCOS group was 7.89±1.40 and in control group was 8.12±0.21. 12 neonates from the cases group were admitted in NICU. The difference was statistically significant when comparedConclusions: With a detailed comparative analysis of this case-control study, it can be concluded that many antenatal and fetal complications are per se increased in women with a history of PCOS

Pongamia pinnata L. (Karanja) based agri-silviculture system under rainfed conditions of south-west Haryana

The present study was conducted to assess the the performance of Karanja based agri-silviculture system in rainfed conditions of south west Haryana. The results showed that the yield (grain and fodder) of different crops was not affected significantly by the Karanja trees during initial four years of plantation. The mean grain yield of crops viz. cowpea (9.47q/ha), cluster bean (9.13q/ha), dhaincha (8.57 q/ha) and mung bean (9.50q/ha) was slightly less in agri-silvicultue system as compared to sole cropping. Similar trend was also observed for fodderyield. Karanja growth (height and diameter) was more in agri-silviculture as compared to sole plantation. Maximum height of 300.00 cm and diameter of 89.20 mm was recorded when Karanja was intercropped with cowpea, whereas it was 281.20 cm (height) and 80.90 mm (diameter) in sole plantation. Agri-silviculture system also improved the organic carbon and available N, P, K as compared to sole cropping. The lower net returns from agri-silviculture system of Karanja + cowpea (Rs. 7178/ha), Karanja +clusterbean (Rs. 7725/ha), Karanja +dhaincha (Rs. 7254/ha) and Karanja + mung bean (Rs. 7100/ha) were mainly due to the fact that during initial years Karanja plantation required some cost without any economic return. It is evident from the results that the cost of establishment of plantation can be meet out through intercropping during the gestation period of Karanja plantation

Isolation And Identification Of Dominant Lactic Acid Bacteria From Dahi: An Indigenous Dairy Product Of Nepal Himalayas

Morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics were employed to identify dominant Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from 39 dahi (indigenous dairy product) samples collected from different districts of eastern Nepal. The isolates comprised of predominately Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroids subsp. mesenteroids. S. thermophilus were found consistently in most of the samples examined. In this study, 59.38% of Lactobacilli, 21% of Streptococci, 8.2 % Lactococci and 11.42 % Leuconostocs were isolated from indigenous dahi. This study revealed diversity of lactic acid bacteria in Nepalese milieu having immense potential in producing qualitative fermented milk

Some Trace Elements Investigation in Ground Water of Bhopal & Sehore District in Madhya Pradesh: India

This paper deals with short review and the determination of seven heavy metals viz: Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb in the groundwater of different sites of two districts (Sehore and Bhopal) of Madhya Pradesh. All activities carried out on the ground surface have direct or indirect impact on the groundwater whether associated with urban , industrial or agricultural activities large scale concentrated source of pollutants such as industrial discharge, and subsurface injection of chemicals and hazardous are obvious source of ground water pollutants . This study was carried out in the month of during February to April 2003. The samples were collected from eight different source of Sehore district and seven different source of Bhopal city. The results obtained are compared with safe limits in PPM for heavy metals laid down by BIS, WHO, ICMR, APHA. @ JASE