24 research outputs found

    The Global Equity Market Reactions of the Oil & Gas Midstream and Marine Shipping Industries to COVID-19: An Entropy Analysis

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    oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/152This article quantifies the information flow between major equities in the Oil & Gas Midstream and Marine Shipping industries, on the basis of the effective transfer entropy methodology. In addition, the article provides the first analysis of investor fear and market expectations in these sectors, according to the Rényi entropy approach. The period of study was extended over five years to fully capture the pre/post-COVID situations. The entropy results reveal a major change in the underlying information flow pattern among equities in the Oil & Gas Midstream and Marine Shipping sectors in the aftermath of COVID-19. According to the new (post-COVID) paradigm, the stocks in the Oil & Gas Midstream and Integrated Freight & Logistics industries have gained momentum in occupying six of the ten positions within the list of the most influential equities in the market, in terms of information transmission. The disorder and randomness have decreased for over 89% of the studied equities, after virus outbreak. For the equities detected with high information-transmission standing, the Rényi entropy results indicate that investors more likely showed a higher level of future expectations and a lower level of fear regarding frequent market events within the post-COVID timeline. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-04-07 Full Text: PD

    The Correlation between Post-Abortion Grief and Quality of Life in Females With a History of Abortion Visiting Health Centers and Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran During Year 2016

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    Background: Grief is a common reaction pf parents to abortion. It may be followed by various psychological complications that affect women's individual-social quality of life. This study aimed to determine the correlation between post-abortion grief and quality of life of women with a history of abortion.Materials and Procedures: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2016. Convenience sampling was applied to select 165 women with a history of abortion from health centers and hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran). A demographic and fertility questionnaire, the Perinatal Bereavement Grief Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests were administered to analyze the data. All analyses were performed using SPSS 20.Findings: There was a significant relationship between quality of life and post-abortion grief (r = -0.387; p < 0.001) and the mean score of quality of life decreased with an increase in the intensity of post-abortion grief. Women with a history of abortion had a moderate level of post-abortion grief (mean score out of 100: 47.52 ± 9.01 ) and intensity of post-abortion grief in less than 3 months from abortion occurrence until completion of the questionnaire has been at its highest level (with a mean and standard deviation of 421.3 ± 99.3) and has declined over the time. However, there was no significant relationship between the intensity of the grief and the time of abortion. and desirable quality of life (mean score: 91.90 ± 14.43).Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested an association between more severe post-abortion grief and decreased quality of life, i.e. post-abortion grief had adverse effects on women’s quality of life. Therefore, fertility health policy makers are recommended to develop appropriate measures to reduce grief and improve the quality of life of women after abortion.

    Correlation between Spiritual Leadership and Occupational Conflict

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    Abstract Introduction: Nurses as the largest group among the healthcare staff sustain continual environmental pressures and changes. Hence, the incidence of conflict among nurses is something normal due to extensive interactions with various people. Managers can make the organizational activity more effective and efficient by the use of innovative leadership styles based on internal motivation and appropriate management of conflict. This study determined the correlation between spiritual leadership and occupational conflict of nurses employed at selected academic hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Methods: 287 nurses employed at various wards of academic hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in this descriptive-correlational study using convenient sampling method. The data were collected using two questionnaires; “Spiritual Leadership” and “Occupational Conflict” and analyzed with SPSS.18. Results: 261 nurses completed questionnaires and resend them. The findings showed that the maximum score obtained by nurses about their head nurse’s spiritual leadership style belonged to “altruistic love” (14.46 out of 25). In addition, the highest score about their occupational conflict belonged to “interclass conflict” (10.98 out of 16). Generally, there was a significant correlation between spiritual leadership and occupational conflict (P<0.001, r=0.522). Conclusions: The findings on the correlation between the nurses’ perspectives about spiritual leadership and occupational conflict indicated that the application of innovative styles such as spiritual leadership to reduce nurses’ occupational conflict in the Iranian healthcare system demands more investigations. It can serve as the managers’ guide in choosing the most effective leadership style to diminish occupational conflict among nurses and reach the highest levels of outcomes in the organization

    The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work in Midwives: A Cross Sectional Study

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    AbstractIntroduction: Recent studies suggest that shift work can be associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The present study was conducted in 2019 to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and shift work in midwives working in hospitals affiliated to universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Iran.Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study recruited 216 midwives who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Questionnaires were first used to collect demographic information and job records. Waist circumference and blood pressure of the subjects were then measured. A 12-hour fasting blood test was performed to determine fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride and HDL levels. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was ultimately evaluated based on the Harmonized criteria. Data were analyzed in SPSS using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 6.9% in the midwives using the Harmonized criteria. Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in the night-shift workers (11.5%) compared to that in the other two groups, but the difference was not significant. Low HDL cholesterol and abdominal obesity were respectively the most frequent metabolic syndrome criteria. Significant relationships were observed between low HDL cholesterol and night shift (P<0.001), and also between abdominal obesity and rotational shift work (P<0.001).Conclusions: According to the present findings, a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in the night-shift workers, and rotational shift work was found to be significantly associated with two of the metabolic syndrome criteria, namely low HDL levels and abdominal obesity

    Evaluation of Quality of Life in Women with Abortion Experience in Tehran 2015 - 2016

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    Introduction: Abortion as a traumatic event in life can have consequences on women's Individual-social quality of life. This study aimed to determine the quality of life of women with an abortion experience. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study in 2016, Convenience sampling was applied to select 165 women with a history of abortion from health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University. A demographic, fertility, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and Pearson’s correlation tests were administered to analyze the data by SPSS 20. Results: The mean score of quality of life in research units was 78,43, mean score of quality of life dimensions, physical restraint 75.23, emotional limit 77.40, vitality 70,90 , emotional health 49.38, Social score 72.03, pain 73.08 and health was 79.61, the mean score of each dimension was above average, respectively. There was a Significant relationship between age (p = 0.003), women's education (p = 0.001), family income (p = 0.001), number of abortion/previous absences (p = 0.002), gestational age at the time of abortion (p = 0.005), visualization of the fetus in sonography (p = 0.000), pregnancy request (p = 0.003), history of infertility (p = 0.001), abortion method (p = 0.002) and fetus heart hearing (p = 0.005) with quality of life. Conclusions: Given the impact of abortion on women's quality of life and the importance of family and community health, reproductive health policy should be aimed at reducing the consequences of abortion and improving the quality of life

    Determining Self-Efficacy and Its Related Factors in Adolescents with Major ÎČ-Thalassemia Referring to Selected Hospital in Tehran

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    AbstractIntroduction: Major ÎČ-Thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary anemias in the world and is a health problem associated with the absence or reduction of globin chain production. Self-efficacy helps adolescents with chronic illness to strength their ability to handle the routine tasks and to achieve treatment goals. Because of the importance Major ÎČ-Thalassemia in adolescents and its effects on their quality of life, we decided to do this study with the aim of “Determining self-efficacy and its related factors in adolescents Major ÎČ-Thalassemia referring to selected hospital in Tehran”.Methods: The present study used a descriptive comparative cross-sectional design on 100 adolescents with Major ÎČ-Thalassemia referring to Shohadaye Tajrish hospital in Tehran in 2022. We used a census design to collect data in a fixed duration and in three work shifts in the morning, evening and night in the relevant units. The data collection tools included of demographic and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C). The collected data were analysed by SPSS Software version 20 via statistical tests included of Pearson or Spearman coefficient, t test and ANOVA test.Results: The average age of the participant adolescents were 15.40 ± 2.22. The results of the study showed that the mean score of academic, social and emotional self-efficacy were 26.17±3.91, 24.83±5.33 and 24.49±4.75 respectively. The score of self-efficacy of the participants were approximately in the average range in the three dimensions of the SEQ-C. However, the score of academic self-efficacy was slightly higher than the average range. There are not any significant relationships between the demographic variables and any dimensions of self-efficacy (P-value>0.05). However, the results of T-Test showed significant relationships between the social self-efficacy score and positive history of splenectomy (P-value=0.018).Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the self-efficacy score of participants in this study were approximately in the average range, therefore, these results showed that, health staffs such as nurses should promote the self-efficacy of adolescents with Major ÎČ-Thalassemia through health education

    Association between ethical leadership, ethical climate and organizational citizenship behavior from nurses' perspective: a descriptive correlational study

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    Background:Ethical leadership plays an important role in improving the organizational climate and may be have an effect on citizenship behavior. Despite the growing emphasis on ethics in organizations, little attention to has been given this issue. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical leadership, an ethical climate, and their relationship with organizational citizenship behavior from nurses' perspective. Methods:In this descriptive correlational study, 250 nurses in twelve teaching hospitals in Tehran were selected by multistage sampling during 2016-2017. The data were collected using Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale. Results:The findings showed a significant correlation between ethical leadership in managers, organizational citizenship behavior (P = 0.04, r = 0.09) and an ethical climate (P < 0.001, r = 0.65). There was a significant correlation between an ethical climate and nurses' organizational citizenship behavior (P < 0.001, r = 0.61). The regression analysis showed that ethical leadership and an ethical climate is a predictor of organizational citizenship behavior and confirms the relationship between the variables. Conclusion:Applying an ethical leadership style and creating the necessary conditions for a proper ethical climate in hospitals lead to increased organizational citizenship behavior by staff. To achieve organizational goals, nurse managers can use these concepts to enhance nurses' satisfaction and improve their performance

    Individual and Social Factors Affecting Nurses’ Attitudes Toward and Quality of Care Given to Patients Who Attempted Suicide

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    Introduction: Nurses are the first healthcare professionals who meet patients who attempt suicide, and their attitudes toward these patients may be important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of demographic factors on nurses’ attitudes toward patients who attempt suicide and the quality of nursing care that these patients receive.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed using the convenience sampling method on 182 nurses working at selected hospitals of medical universities in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using questionnaires that gathered information about demographics, nurses’ attitudes toward patients who attempted suicide, and the quality of nursing care provided. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.20 software and by the Pearson test and t-tests.Results: Regarding social and mental aspects, we found no significant statistical relationship between age and work experience with respect to nurses’ attitudes toward and the quality of care provided to patients who attempted suicide, but women provided higher-quality nursing care than men (P=0.046). Although the relationship between education and quality of nursing care was statistically significant (P=0.007), we found no significant relationship between education and attitude.Conclusion: We found no significant relationship between age and work experience with respect to nurses’ attitudes toward, and the quality of care provided to, patients who attempted suicide, but women provided higher-quality nursing care than men. Furthermore, quality of care was higher from nurses who had a bachelor-level education, suggesting that higher-educated nurses should be recruited to care for critical patients

    Evaluation of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Cystatin C in Early Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Absence of the Gold Standard

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    Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered as a gold standard of kidney function. However, using GFR as the gold standard is not common in clinical practice, because its direct measurement is usually expensive, cumbersome, and invasive. In the present study, we assessed the predictive power of two other biomarkers, Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) for early detection of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in the absence of a gold standard. Materials and Methods: In this study, 72 patients who referred to the Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital of Tehran, Iran, for measuring their kidney function were studied. The ELISA method was utilized for measuring plasma NGAL (PNGAL) and serum Cys-C (SCys-C). The Bayesian latent class modeling approach was applied to asses the predictive power of these biomarkers. Results: While both the biomarkers had rather high sensitivities (PNGAL=91%, SCys-C=89%), the specificity of SCys-C biomarker was very lower than the one of PNGAL (SCys-C=56%, PNGAL=94%). The estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for SCys-C as the single biomarker for the diagnosis of CKD was about 0.76, while a similar estimate for PNGAL was 0.93. The added value of PNGAL to SCys-C for the diagnosis of CKD in terms of the ROC curve was about 0.19, while the added value of SCys-C to PNGAL was less than 0.02. Conclusion: In general, our findings suggest that PNGAL can be utilized as a single reliable biomarker for early detection of CKD. In addition, results showed that when a perfect gold standard is not available, Bayesian approaches to latent class models could lead to more precise sensitivity and specificity estimates of imperfect tests. Keywords:Chronic Kidney Diseases; Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin; Cystatin C; Bayesian Approach; Latent Class Model; Sensitivity; Specificit
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